施威策效应:经验与医学学生对专业行为意见之间的基本关系
Paul McGurgan1, Katrina Calvert2, Antonio Celenza3
1Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, UWA Medical School, Perth, Australia.
Medical teacher
|December 4, 2023
概括
医学学生对专业行为的看法在很大程度上是由与类似具有挑战性的情况的个人经历形成的. 这种"施威策效应"强调了在临床环境中需要积极的榜样来影响学生的看法.
科学领域:
- 医学教育 医学教育
- 专业道德 职业道德 专业道德
- 行为科学 行为科学
背景情况:
- 医学学生对专业行为的看法对于道德实践至关重要.
- 了解影响这些观点的因素对于有效的培训至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 调查是否先前经历具有挑战性的情况影响医学学生对行为可接受性的看法.
- 为了比较体验与人口因素对学生意见的影响.
- 为了确定某些情况是否更容易产生基于经验的偏见.
主要方法:
- 一项机密的在线调查分发给澳大利亚和新西兰 (AUS/NZ) 医学院的医学学生.
- 学生提供了人口统计数据和关于在具有挑战性的情况下各种行为是否可接受的意见.
- 学生们还报告说,他们以前是否遇到了类似的情况.
主要成果:
- 3171名学生参与了调查,报告他们经常遇到具有挑战性的情况,并对可接受的行为有不同的看法.
- 对接受度的影响最大的是学生是否遇到了类似的情况.
- 经验偏见在涉及在临床环境中目睹违反信任的情况中最明显.
结论:
- 之前的经验,称为"施威策效应",显著影响医学学生对专业行为的看法,特别是关于信任的看法.
- 暴露于负面的专业榜样,特别是信任侵犯,强烈影响学生的判断力.
- 在医疗保健环境中强调积极的角色建模和健康的工作文化对于塑造学生的伦理观点至关重要.
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