最大温度决定了北美哺乳动物的息地属性
Mahdieh Tourani1,2, Rahel Sollmann2,3, Roland Kays4,5
1Department of Ecosystem and Conservation Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812.
概括
哺乳动物种类随着气候变化而改变息地使用,更喜欢更热的地区的森林和更冷的地区的开放区域. 这凸显了气候变化如何影响生物多样性,以及森林保护对哺乳动物的重要性.
科学领域:
- 生态生态学 生态生态学
- 保护生物学 保护生物学
- 气候变化生物学 气候变化生物学
背景情况:
- 全球变化和息地丧失需要了解物种对环境变化的反应.
- 物种息地协会可以在空间和时间上有所不同,受到温度和土地利用等因素的影响.
- 基于息地使用 (自然,人为,通用) 的物种分类是常见的,但动态归属越来越被认可.
研究的目的:
- 调查哺乳动物对美国大陆森林和人为息地反应的空间一致性.
- 确定宏观气候条件是否解释了物种对土地利用反应的变化.
- 为了确定与气候依赖性息地协会相关的物种特征.
主要方法:
- 将社区占用模型应用于大型摄像头捕捉数据集.
- 分析了来自美国大陆的2,485个地点的数据,其中包括29种哺乳动物.
- 统计检查物种占用,息地类型 (森林,人为),宏观气候和物种特征之间的关系.
主要成果:
- 所有29种哺乳动物物种在对土地利用的反应中都表现出显著的空间变化.
- 种类越来越多地利用森林,避免在更热的地区的人为地区;在更冷的地区观察到相反的趋势.
- 较大的物种,范围更广的物种,食草动物和主要捕食者在息地归属方面表现出比顶级捕食者更大的可塑性.
结论:
- 气候条件显著影响哺乳动物的空间使用模式和息地选择.
- 保持森林覆盖面对于减轻气候变暖对哺乳动物种群的负面影响至关重要.
- 种类特征可以预测对息地协会气候驱动的变化的易感性.
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