细胞内张力传感器揭示了actin细胞骨架的机械异构性
Sorosh Amiri1,2, Camelia Muresan1,3, Xingbo Shang1,3
1Systems Biology Institute, 850 West Campus Drive, Yale University, West Haven, CT, 06516, USA.
Nature communications
|December 4, 2023
概括
研究人员开发了一种分子张力传感器来测量细胞内部的力量. 这项研究揭示了细胞.
科学领域:
- 细胞生物学 细胞生物学
- 生物物理学的生物物理.
- 细胞骨的动力学
背景情况:
- 由皮质动蛋白和应力纤维组成的丝状动蛋白 (F-actin) 细胞骨架,控制细胞机制,如迁移和分裂.
- 细胞骨内部的内部力量尚不清楚,因为测量通常集中在外部传递到细胞外基质的力量上.
- 不同的F-actin架构在产生和传递机械力的具体作用仍然不清楚.
研究的目的:
- 开发和使用分子张力传感器来测量F-actin细胞骨架内的内部力量.
- 研究不同的F-actin结构 (皮质actin和应力纤维) 如何促进力分布.
- 为了探索细胞骨在不同负荷和细胞对齐下的机械异构性.
主要方法:
- 开发一种新的分子张力传感器,可以集成到F-actin细胞骨架中.
- 使用弗斯特共振能量转移 (FRET) 测量应力纤维和皮质动蛋白内的张力.
- 将单轴拉伸应用于细胞,并分析与细胞对齐相对应的基于FRET的张力反应.
主要成果:
- 细胞骨的机械反应取决于方向,与施加的拉伸相对呈现异构性.
- 当细胞与它们的对齐平行拉伸时,应力纤维和皮质动蛋白都会积累张力.
- 当细胞垂直地伸展到它们的对齐时,应力纤维放松了张力,而皮质积累了张力,证明了机械异质性.
- 氨酸抑制被证明可以调节这种观察到的异性质.
结论:
- 这项研究表明,F-actin细胞骨架内存在显著的机械异性异性.
- 皮质动蛋白和应力纤维之间的协调是负载依赖的,并且随着施加的力而变化.
- 开发的分子张力传感器为探测内部细胞骨机制提供了一个新的工具.
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