将战略任务组件转移到共享一些共同结构的独特任务中
Cai S Longman1,2, Fraser Milton2, Andy J Wills3
1University of the West of Scotland, Paisley, UK.
概括
学习策略或任务计划是组成部分,可以加快学习新任务的速度. 培训特定任务组件提高了分享这些组件的新任务的性能,证明了学习的有效转移.
科学领域:
- 认知心理学 认知心理学
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 学习科学 学习科学
背景情况:
- 灵活的行为依赖于将先前的知识应用于新的情况,称为转移.
- 任务计划是指导初始参与新任务的学习策略,对于转移至关重要.
- 了解任务方案的架构可以揭示如何提高学习效率.
研究的目的:
- 调查任务计划的组成性质.
- 确定战略任务组件是否可以加速学习新任务.
- 检查培训和测试任务之间的共享结构组件如何影响学习转移.
主要方法:
- 在两项实验中,参与者接受了各种训练方案,任务共享结构部件 (刺激,分类,反应),但不是表面特征.
- 一个点模式分类任务作为新型测试任务.
- 在具有不同培训组件的组和对照组之间比较了绩效.
主要成果:
- 与对照组相比,所有培训组的初始表现均有所改善.
- 在训练了运动,感知+分类和完整模式组件的小组中观察到最强的转移效应.
- 这表明,培训特定的战略组件有助于学习共享这些组件的新任务.
结论:
- 任务计划是组成的,这意味着它们由不同的战略元素组成.
- 针对特定任务组件的培训可以通过使学到的策略应用于共享元素来加快新任务的学习.
- 这项研究提供了学习策略的模块化及其在促进适应性行为中的作用的证据.
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