直接和观察联合注意调节9个月大的婴儿的对象编码.
Maleen Thiele1, Steven Kalinke1, Christine Michel2,3
1Department of Comparative Cultural Psychology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany.
Open mind : discoveries in cognitive science
|December 6, 2023
概括
婴儿通过观察社会互动来学习对象,即使没有直接参与. 这项研究表明,观察联合注意力会影响婴儿如何处理对象身份,这表明更广泛的文化学习机制.
科学领域:
- 发展心理学 发展心理学
- 认知科学 认知科学
- 婴儿社会认知婴儿社会认知
背景情况:
- 与另一个人的共同视觉注意力增强了婴儿对物体属性的编码.
- 之前的研究集中在直接相互作用上,没有研究观察联合注意力的效果.
研究的目的:
- 调查观察其他共同注意力是否会影响婴儿对象处理.
- 确定婴儿从第三方观察中学习是否反映了从直接互动中学习.
主要方法:
- 使用违反预期范式的两个实验,对9个月大的婴儿进行了实验.
- 实验1:婴儿在呈现物体之前经历了成年人的直接眼神接触 (或没有眼神接触).
- 实验2:婴儿观察到两个成年人共同关注 (有或没有眼神接触) 互相指向,而不是婴儿.
主要成果:
- 在第一方和第三方观察条件下,当眼神接触存在时,婴儿对对象身份变化的注意力增加.
- 对物体位置变化的反应不受眼神接触的存在或不存在的影响.
- 在直接相互作用和第三方观察场景中观察到类似的结果模式.
结论:
- 婴儿对物体属性的学习是通过观察共同的注意力来调节的,无论他们是直接参与者还是第三方观察者.
- 这些发现表明,婴儿的文化学习不仅仅局限于婴儿指导的互动,还扩展到观察社会交流.
- 这项研究强调了社会观察在早期认知发育和学习中的重要性.
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