为了优化青少年精神病理风险的评估:多层次的环境特征和儿童易怒性作为预测因素
Qiongru Yu1, Brianna Hernandez2, Conner Swineford2
1San Diego State University/University of California San Diego Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology San Diego California USA.
JCPP advances
|December 6, 2023
概括
在儿童时期识别不同的环境风险和弹性概况可以预测青少年精神病理. 幼儿时期的易怒性进一步加剧了心理健康症状,为量身定制的干预措施提供了信息.
科学领域:
- 心理学 心理学 心理学
- 发展心理学 发展心理学
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
背景情况:
- 青春期是心理病理发展的关键时期.
- 布朗芬布伦纳的生物心理社会生态系统理论指导着对环境因素的研究.
- 了解风险和弹性概况是开发精神病理风险计算器的关键.
研究的目的:
- 在儿童早期到中期使用环境因素来识别不同的风险和弹性概况.
- 检查这些儿童风险概况与青少年精神病理学之间的关联.
- 除了环境风险概况,还要评估幼儿气的预测效用.
主要方法:
- 基于"家庭的未来和儿童福利研究"的数据,进行了隐形形象分析.
- 对三个子样本进行了分析:黑人/非裔美国人,西班牙裔/拉丁裔和白人儿童.
- 风险概况预测了青少年的精神病理 (抑郁症,焦虑,注意力缺陷,ODD,行为障碍),通过逐步回归来评估易怒的预测效用.
主要成果:
- 在西班牙裔/拉丁裔和黑人/非洲裔美国人群体中出现了三种风险概况;在白人群体中出现了四种风险概况.
- 大多数风险概况都预测了心理病理的内部化和/或外部化.
- 儿童早期的易怒性显著预测了所有五个心理健康结果中的更高的症状,而不依赖于环境特征.
结论:
- 在种族/民族群体中,在很大程度上受到家庭因素的影响,在种族/民族群体中确定了不同的风险和弹性概况.
- 这些发现支持一种更有效,多层次的方法来收集心理健康信息.
- 结果有助于临床决策,制定青少年心理健康的干预和预防策略.
相关概念视频
01:22Self-Report Tests of Personality
356
Self-report inventories are objective personality assessments that use multiple-choice items or numbered scales, typically ranging from 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree). They are often called Likert scales after Rensis Likert. These inventories are widely used due to their ease of administration and cost-effectiveness. One of the most prominent examples is the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI), initially developed in the 1940s to assess abnormal personality traits.
356
01:30Socioemotional Development during Infancy
55
Socio-emotional development in infancy is primarily shaped by early emotional responses and social connections, with temperament playing a central role. Temperament refers to the consistent patterns in an individual's emotional and behavioral responses, observable even in infancy. By examining temperament, researchers can better understand an infant's unique ways of interacting with the world, influencing subsequent personality and socio-emotional growth.
Primary Temperament Types
Primary Temperament Types
55
01:28Adler's Individual Psychology
748
Alfred Adler, a prominent figure in psychology, founded the school of individual psychology. In contrast to Freud's emphasis on sexual or aggressive motives, Adler suggested that individuals are primarily motivated by their purposes and goals. He believed that people strive for perfection rather than pleasure. Adler argued that individuals could creatively act upon their genetic inheritance and environmental experiences to shape their own lives, emphasizing conscious motivation over...
748
01:17Erikson's Theory on Socioemotional Development during Adolescence
118
Erik Erikson's fifth stage of psychosocial development, "identity versus role confusion," is crucial during adolescence (ages 12 to 18). In this stage, adolescents face the developmental task of forging a distinct personal identity, a process influenced by social, psychological, and biological changes typical of this period. Adolescents naturally explore different roles, behaviors, and ideologies as they navigate complex questions of self-concept, asking, "Who am I?" and...
118
03:00Self-Evaluation: Self-Enhancement and Self-Verification
5.2K
Social psychologists have documented that feeling good about ourselves and maintaining positive self-esteem is a powerful motivator of human behavior (Tavris & Aronson, 2008). In the United States, members of the predominant culture typically think very highly of themselves and view themselves as good people who are above average on many desirable traits (Ehrlinger, Gilovich, & Ross, 2005). Often, our behavior, attitudes, and beliefs are affected when we experience a threat to our...
5.2K
01:28Erikson's Theory on Socioemotional Development during Childhood
76
Erik Erikson, a stage theorist, adapted Freud's theory to emphasize social factors in personality development throughout life, a concept known as psychosocial development. Unlike Freud, who focused on early childhood, Erikson believed that personality evolves across eight life stages, each marked by a specific challenge or "crisis." Successful resolution of each stage fosters competence, while failure may lead to feelings of inadequacy.
The first four of Erikson's eight...
The first four of Erikson's eight...
76