超越任何可想象的机制的局限性:大型语言模型和心理语言学
Conor Houghton1, Nina Kazanina2,3, Priyanka Sukumaran1,2
1Department of Computer Science, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK conor.houghton@bristol.ac.uk p.sukumaran@bristol.ac.uk conorhoughton.github.io.
The Behavioral and brain sciences
|December 6, 2023
概括
大型语言模型 (LLM) 提供了一个有效的语言模型,虽然不是一个详细的人类语言处理器. 它们是心理学语言学的宝贵工具,用于实际应用,比较和重新思考语言和思想联系.
科学领域:
- 心理语言学 心理语言学
- 计算语言学 计算语言学
- 认知科学 认知科学
背景情况:
- 大型语言模型 (LLM) 在自然语言处理方面表现出了显著的能力.
- 现有的人类语言处理模型是复杂的,可能无法完全捕捉新出现的LLM行为.
- 人工智能和认知科学的交集需要对LLM相关性的审查.
研究的目的:
- 在心理语言学领域评估大语言模型 (LLM) 的实用性.
- 探索LLM作为语言理解的实用工具和比较基准.
- 考虑LLM对语言和认知理论的哲学含义.
主要方法:
- 与心理语言学理论相关的LLM能力的概念分析.
- 审查目前的应用和在语言研究LLMs的潜在用途.
- 关于语言建模及其认知相关的本质的哲学调查.
主要成果:
- 语言学士擅长模拟语言输出,但不能复制详细的人类语言处理机制.
- 语言学习法作为语言任务的有效实用工具,并作为有价值的比较模型.
- 语言学士课程为讨论语言与思想之间的关系提供了一个新的框架.
结论:
- 大型语言模型 (LLM) 对心理语言学具有重要意义,因为它们的实用实用性和比较价值.
- 语言学士课程促使人们重新评估语言,思想和人工智能之间的基本关系.
- 需要进一步的研究来将LLM的见解融入认知和语言理论中.
相关概念视频
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Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.
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01:10Higher Mental Functions of the Brain: Language
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Language is a system of communication that allows the expression of thoughts, ideas, and feelings. The brain processes language in both hemispheres.
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01:22Language Development
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Children master language quickly and with relative ease, supported by both biological predisposition and reinforcement. B. F. Skinner (1957) proposed that language is learned through reinforcement, while Noam Chomsky (1965) argued that language acquisition mechanisms are biologically determined.
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01:16Language
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Language is a unique communication system that uses words and systematic rules to organize and transmit information. Unlike other forms of communication, which may involve postures, movements, odors, or vocalizations, language relies on symbols and grammar. This makes human communication distinct from that of other species, who also communicate but do not use language in the same way humans do.
Corballis and Suddendorf (2007) and Tomasello and Rakoczy (2003) highlight the role of language in...
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01:24Components of Language
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Language, whether spoken, signed, or written, consists of specific components: lexicon and grammar. The lexicon is the vocabulary of a language, comprising its words. Grammar is the set of rules used to convey meaning through the lexicon. For example, English grammar adds “-ed” to most verbs to indicate past tense. Words are formed by combining phonemes, which are the basic sound units of a language. Different languages have different sets of phonemes (e.g., “ah” vs.
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01:28Lateralization
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Brain lateralization refers to the division of mental processes and functions between the two hemispheres of the brain, a phenomenon that optimizes neural efficiency and underpins complex abilities in humans. This specialization allows each hemisphere to perform tasks where it has a comparative advantage, facilitating more refined cognitive capabilities across different domains.
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