使用自然语言处理和机器学习在临床抑郁症访谈中检测自杀念头:横截面研究
Tim M H Li1, Jie Chen1, Framenia O C Law1
1Li Chiu Kong Family Sleep Assessment Unit, Department of Psychiatry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China (Hong Kong).
JMIR medical informatics
|December 6, 2023
概括
通过自然语言处理 (NLP) 和机器学习 (ML) 分析患者的语言,可以检测抑郁症中的自杀风险,即使患者否认有自杀想法. 这项技术为更准确和客观的自杀风险评估提供了一个有前途的工具.
科学领域:
- 精神病学是一个精神病学.
- 计算语言学 计算语言学
- 机器学习 机器学习
背景情况:
- 评估自杀风险是一项挑战,特别是当患者否认有自杀想法时.
- 初级保健提供者在查自杀风险方面表现出有限的同意.
- 患者的言语模式可能提供客观的,基于语言的自杀思想指标.
研究的目的:
- 通过自然语言处理 (NLP) 和机器学习 (ML) 来确定是否可以使用临床抑郁症访谈中的语言特征来检测自杀念头.
主要方法:
- 一项对305名参与者 (抑郁症和健康对照组) 的横截面研究,使用结构化采访 (汉密尔顿抑郁症评分表).
- 临床医生对自杀风险进行了评估;采访被转录并使用语言调查和词汇计数 (LIWC) 进行分析.
- 使用顺序逻辑回归和随机森林模型来分析语言特征和检测自杀风险.
主要成果:
- 确定了与自杀相关的语言特征;增加愤怒词的使用与更高的自杀风险相关 (OR 2.91,P=.02).
- 随机森林模型通过文本分析有效地确定了高自杀风险 (AUC 0.76-0.89) 和一般自杀风险 (AUC 0.83-0.92).
- 即使没有明确披露自杀念头,也实现了令人满意的自杀风险检测.
结论:
- 对临床面试文本的NLP和ML分析显示了准确和具体的自杀性检测的潜力.
- 这些发现可能会导致高性能,自动化的自杀风险评估工具,包括基于聊天机器人的查.
- 基于语言的分析提供了一种新的方法来识别抑郁症患者的自杀风险.
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