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在新喀里多尼亚乌和欧亚中,社会影响对延迟满足的影响
Rachael Miller1,2, James R Davies2, Martina Schiestl3
1School of Life Sciences, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
PloS one
|December 6, 2023
概括
欧亚在社交环境中表现出较少的自我控制,更喜欢立即的奖励. 新喀里多尼亚乌保持了自我控制,不顾社会背景,选择延迟的奖励,这表明了特定物种的适应.
科学领域:
- 动物行为 动物行为
- 认知生态学是一种认知生态学.
- 比較心理學 比較心理學
背景情况:
- 自制对于以目标为导向的行为至关重要,使个人能够放弃即时的奖励,以获得更大的未来利益.
- 延迟满足,这是自我控制的一个关键措施,涉及容忍延迟或为获得更有价值的奖励而付出努力.
- 社会背景,特别是竞争对手的存在,可以显著影响与奖励获取相关的决策过程.
研究的目的:
- 为了研究社会环境对两种乌的延迟满足的影响:新喀里多尼亚乌和欧亚海.
- 为了比较竞争对手与非竞争对手的存在如何影响这些物种的奖励选择.
- 探索特定物种的社会生态因素和自我控制的变化之间的潜在联系.
主要方法:
- 调整了"旋转托盘"模式,以评估立即,低质量的奖励和延迟,高质量的奖励之间的选择.
- 在三个条件下测试奖励选择:单独,与有竞争力的同类,以及与无竞争力的同类.
- 在每个社会条件下观察和分析了新喀里多尼亚乌和欧亚海在每个社会条件下做出的选择.
主要成果:
- 与新喀里多尼亚乌相比,欧亚更有可能选择即时的,不太喜欢的奖励.
- 与单独相比,Jays在任何同类 (竞争者或非竞争者) 存在时增加了他们对即时奖励的偏好.
- 乌始终选择延迟的,高度喜欢的奖励,在所有社会环境中显示他们的选择不灵活.
结论:
- 在自我控制方面,物种特定的差异是显而易见的,大黄蜂表现出更灵活的,取决于环境的选择,乌表现出一致的自我控制.
- 这些发现表明,与新喀里多尼亚乌不同,欧亚的行为可能受到社会竞争和与储存食物相关的风险的影响.
- 在社会背景下自我控制灵活性的变化可能与物种不同的社会容忍和生态压力有关,例如缓存保护策略.
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