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相关概念视频

The Carbon Cycle01:14

The Carbon Cycle

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Carbon is the basis of all organic matter on Earth, and is recycled through the ecosystem in two primary processes: one in which carbon is exchanged among living organisms, and one in which carbon is cycled over long periods of time through fossilized organic remains, weathering of rocks, and volcanic activity. Human activities, including increased agricultural practices and the burning of fossil fuels, has greatly affected the balance of the natural carbon cycle.
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Carbon dioxide (CO2) transport in the blood is critical to human physiology. On average, our body cells produce around 200 mL of CO2 per minute, precisely the quantity expelled by the lungs. This process involves the transportation of CO2 from the tissue cells to the lungs in three primary forms.
Forms of CO2 Transport
1. Dissolved in plasma: A small percentage (7-10%) of CO2 is transported and dissolved directly in the plasma.
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The most common elements in organic molecules, carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, and phosphorus, are only available in the ecosystem in limited amounts. Therefore, these nutrients must be recycled through both biotic and abiotic components of the ecosystem, in processes generally called biogeochemical cycles.
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Ribulose 1,5- bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (RuBisCo) is a critical enzyme that catalyzes carbon dioxide assimilation during photosynthesis. However, it is an inefficient enzyme, having an extremely slow catalytic rate. A typical enzyme can process about a thousand molecules per second; however, RuBisCo fixes only around three-carbon dioxides per second. Photosynthetic cells compensate for this slow rate by synthesizing very high amounts of RuBisCo, making it the most abundant single...
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Measuring Carbon-based Contaminant Mineralization Using Combined CO2 Flux and Radiocarbon Analyses
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基于多十年水文数据的生物碳估计

Wei-Lei Wang1, Weiwei Fu2,3, Frédéric A C Le Moigne4

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China. weilei.wang@xmu.edu.cn.

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|December 6, 2023
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概括

生物碳 (BCP) 将大气中的二氧化碳转移到深海, 但估计不同. 这项研究使用观测数据和反向模型来估计BCP强度,通过沉积颗粒和动物浮游生物发现显著的碳出口.

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科学领域:

  • 生地化学海洋学
  • 气候科学
  • 碳循环研究

背景情况:

  • 生物碳 (BCP) 对于在深海中封存大气中的二氧化碳至关重要.
  • 目前对BCP强度的估计是不一致的,地球系统模型显示出很大的差异.
  • 了解所有碳出口途径对于准确的气候建模至关重要.

研究的目的:

  • 通过观察数据提供生物碳强度的上下估计.
  • 量化有机碳出口途径及其对封存的贡献.
  • 调查海洋变暖对BCP的影响.

主要方法:

  • 使用了几十年的水文观测.
  • 采用一个反向的生物地化学模型来暗示所有已知的碳出口途径.
  • 分割有机碳出口的封存时间 (τ) 低于euphotic区域.

主要成果:

  • 在73.4m时估计的总有机碳 (TOC) 出口为15.00±1.12 Pg C年−1.
  • 全球综合有机碳生产率为t > 3个月 (11.09 ± 1.02 Pg C年−1) 和t > 1年 (8.25 ± 0.30 Pg C年−1).
  • 确定81%的长期封存 (τ>1年) 是由非向导扩散的垂直流 (沉入粒子和迁移动物浮游生物) 驱动的.

结论:

  • BCP的效率对温度敏感,这表明由于有机物循环的增加,在未来的全球变暖下可能会减弱.
  • 虽然粒子沉没和动物浮游生物迁移占据了长期碳封存的地位,但混合和流体运输仍然具有区域意义.
  • 碳出口路径的准确表示对于改善BCP的气候模型预测至关重要.