尼日利亚使用预防性疫苗接种策略对爆炸性脑脊髓炎疫情的预测和准备
Iseimokumo C Peletiri1,2, Rosemary C Nwachukwu3, Diweni C Peletiri4
1Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Jos, Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria.
African journal of laboratory medicine
|December 7, 2023
概括
尼日利亚应采取预防性疫苗接种战略,以打击脑脊髓脑膜炎 (CSM) 爆发. 这种主动的方法在预防严重的CSM疾病方面取得了很高的成功率.
科学领域:
- 流行病学 流行病学
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 疫苗学 疫苗学 疫苗学
背景情况:
- 大脑脊髓脑膜炎 (CSM) 在非洲脑膜炎带造成每年爆发和爆炸性流行病.
- 尼日利亚在该地区的CSM病例数量最高,历史上依靠反应性疫苗接种策略,但存在重大缺点.
研究的目的:
- 审查非洲脑膜炎带中CSM的流行病学.
- 突出尼日利亚需要从反应性转向预防性疫苗接种战略的需要.
- 为了准备2024年至2028年间预期的CSM流行病.
主要方法:
- 在Google Scholar上进行了全面的文献搜索.
- 在1905年至2022年间发表的研究和报告是根据预先定义的标准进行的.
主要成果:
- 确定的主要病因包括*Neisseria meningitidis*,*Haemophilus influenzae*和*Streptococcus pneumoniae*. 这些病因主要包括*Neisseria meningitidis*和*Streptococcus pneumoniae*.
- 反应性疫苗接种策略的范围有限,而在2011-2017年期间引入了新的多糖体疫苗 (ACW/ACYW).
- 预防性疫苗接种策略的成功率非常高.
结论:
- 预防性疫苗接种策略在控制CSM方面非常有效.
- 尼日利亚应实施预防性疫苗接种战略,利用循环病原体的知识,以减少CSM的发病率和死亡率.
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