在大脑形态学上产前烟草暴露部分介导了青春期前儿童的认知表现不佳
Pedro J Rodriguez Rivera1, Huajun Liang1, Amal Isaiah2,3
1Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
概括
产前吸烟 (PTE) 与儿童认知功能下降和大脑结构改变有关. 这些大脑差异,包括较小的前额叶区域和胸膜体积,部分解释了与PTE相关的认知缺陷.
科学领域:
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 发展心理学 发展心理学
- 儿科成像学 儿科成像学
背景情况:
- 产前暴露于烟草 (PTE) 是一个重要的公共卫生问题.
- 了解PTE对神经发育的长期后果对于早期干预至关重要.
- 以前的研究表明PTE和认知缺陷之间存在潜在联系,但潜在的神经机制需要进一步阐明.
研究的目的:
- 调查产前烟草暴露 (PTE) 与青春期前儿童认知表现之间的关联.
- 为了检查PTE是否与异常的大脑形态学有关.
- 为了确定结构性大脑差异是否介导PTE和较差的认知结果之间的关系.
主要方法:
- 利用青少年大脑认知发展 (ABCD) 研究数据集,比较9至10岁的儿童 (n=620) 和没有 (n=10,989) PTE.
- 使用NIH Toolbox®得分和使用MRI的脑结构来评估神经认知性能.
- 采用线性混合模型,控制社会人口统计学和其他产前暴露,并对多次比较进行FDR校正.
主要成果:
- 患有PTE的儿童在多个认知领域表现较差,包括执行功能,记忆和整体认知 (所有p<0.05).
- PTE与较薄的副海马旋,较小的皮质表面面积 (后,外,舌头,下) 和减少的乳头体积 (所有p<0.001) 相关.
- 观察到性别特异性影响:女孩表现出较小的额头和皮皮层区域,而男孩则具有较小的膜体积.
结论:
- 产前吸烟与预青少年儿童的认知功能低下和脑形态异常有关.
- 结构性大脑差异,特别是较小的额头/双脑区域和胸膜体积,部分介导了在PTE儿童中观察到的认知缺陷.
- 研究结果强调PTE对神经发育的影响,并表明PTE对大脑结构的性别特异性影响.
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