在Deese-Roediger-McDermott范式中,负价值对虚假记忆形成的影响:预注册的元分析和预注册的复制
Sera Wiechert1, Dora Proost2, Emmelie Simoens2
1Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Amsterdam.
Journal of experimental psychology. General
|December 7, 2023
概括
负面的单词列表可能会减少虚假记忆的回忆,但会增加它们的识别,尽管这种影响可能源于响应偏差而不是情感内容本身.
科学领域:
- 认知心理学 认知心理学
- 记忆研究 记忆研究
- 虚假的记忆 虚假的记忆
背景情况:
- 迪斯-罗迪格-麦克德莫特 (DRM) 范式证明了与学习列表相关的非呈现词的虚假记忆.
- 之前的DRM研究因没有充分捕捉现实生活记忆的情感影响而受到批评.
- 了解情感价值对虚假记忆的影响对于临床和法医应用至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 调查负面与中性的单词列表对DRM范式内的虚假记忆形成的影响.
- 通过将元分析数据与直接复制研究相结合,获得可靠的估计.
主要方法:
- 进行了预先注册的元分析,结合了49个回忆,75个识别和31个响应偏差研究的数据.
- 对278名参与者进行了一项复制研究,以直接测试负价值对虚假记忆的影响.
- 在召回和识别任务中分析记忆性能,控制响应偏差.
主要成果:
- 分析表明回忆中反向的价值效应 (减少负面内容的虚假记忆),而复制显示无效结果.
- 无论是元分析还是复制,都发现负价值在识别任务中增加了虚假记忆.
- 对响应偏差的控制在元分析中取消了价值效应,复制揭示了显著的差异性响应偏差.
结论:
- 在DRM范式中,对虚假记忆报告的价值效应可能不仅仅是由于情感内容,而是受到记忆测试方法的影响.
- 不同的响应倾向似乎在观察到的价值效应中起着重要作用,特别是在识别任务中.
- 未来的研究应该在检查对记忆的情感影响时考虑响应偏差.
更多相关视频
08:53Using a Classroom-Based Deese Roediger McDermott Paradigm to Assess the Effects of Imagery on False Memories
Published on: November 14, 2018
9.7K
08:05A Prediction Error-driven Retrieval Procedure for Destabilizing and Rewriting Maladaptive Reward Memories in Hazardous Drinkers
Published on: January 5, 2018
9.8K
相关概念视频
False Memories
90
False memories represent a cognitive distortion in which individuals recall events that did not happen, or remember them in an altered form. This phenomenon highlights the brain's constructive nature in processing and recalling memories, emphasizing that memory is not a perfect representation of past events but rather a dynamic reconstruction influenced by various factors.
One primary source of false memories is misattribution, where individuals incorrectly associate external information...
One primary source of false memories is misattribution, where individuals incorrectly associate external information...
90
Traumatic Memory
93
Emotionally traumatic events often lead to memories that are exceptionally vivid and enduring, sometimes persisting with remarkable clarity throughout an individual's life. A classic example of this phenomenon is a person who survives a car accident. Even years later, they may recall every detail of the event with startling accuracy — the screeching of the tires, the jarring impact, and the acrid smell of burning rubber. Such vividness contrasts sharply with how an individual...
93
Interference and Decay
144
Forgetting is a complex cognitive phenomenon influenced by several factors, among which interference and decay are particularly prominent. These processes explain why individuals often struggle to retrieve specific information from memory, leading to lapses in recall that can be observed in everyday situations.
Interference occurs when competing memories hinder the retrieval of particular information. It can be classified into two types: proactive and retroactive interference. Proactive...
Interference occurs when competing memories hinder the retrieval of particular information. It can be classified into two types: proactive and retroactive interference. Proactive...
144
Eyewitness Memory
110
Eyewitness memory refers to the recollection of events by someone who has directly witnessed them, often serving as critical evidence in legal settings. This type of memory is commonly used in criminal cases where a witness describes details like a suspect's appearance, clothing, or behavior during a crime. However, despite its perceived reliability, eyewitness memory is prone to significant errors.
One such error is memory distortion, which occurs because human memory does not function...
One such error is memory distortion, which occurs because human memory does not function...
110
Stereotype Threat and Self-fulfilling Prophecies
37.6K
When we hold a stereotype about a person, we have expectations that he or she will fulfill that stereotype. A self-fulfilling prophecy is an expectation held by a person that alters his or her behavior in a way that tends to make it true. When we hold stereotypes about a person, we tend to treat the person according to our expectations. This treatment can influence the person to act according to our stereotypic expectations, thus confirming our stereotypic beliefs. Research by Rosenthal and...
37.6K
Repressed Memory
91
Repressed memories are a psychological phenomenon where memories of traumatic events are unconsciously blocked from a person's awareness. This process occurs as a defense mechanism, protecting the mind from the emotional impact of distressing or painful experiences. For example, a person who has experienced childhood trauma may grow up with no conscious recollection of the event. In such cases, the memories are thought to be buried deep within the subconscious, inaccessible to the conscious...
91
