在雷文矩阵中推理性能的发展是建立在开发有效的使用策略的基础上的
Corentin Gonthier1, Kahina Harma2, Zdenka Gavornikova-Baligand3
1Department of Psychology, Laboratoire de Psychologie des Pays de la Loire (LPPL UR 4638), Nantes Universite.
Journal of experimental psychology. General
|December 7, 2023
概括
认知发展显著提高推理能力,有效的战略使用起着关键作用. 这项研究表明,战略开发,而不仅仅是工作记忆,推动了雷文的改进.
科学领域:
- 认知发展 认知发展
- 心理学 心理学 心理学
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
背景情况:
- 推理性能,特别是在像雷文矩阵这样的任务上,随着年龄的增长而显著增加.
- 推动这些改进的潜在认知机制尚未完全理解.
- 战略使用是一个潜在的因素,因为它随着年龄的增长而演变,并影响成人推理.
研究的目的:
- 在不同年龄组的雷文标准渐进矩阵中调查有效策略使用的作用.
- 检查战略使用,工作记忆能力和与年龄相关的推理能力之间的关系.
- 确定策略使用是否调解年龄对推理表现的影响.
主要方法:
- 凝视模式的行为测量被用来评估474名6至18岁参与者的策略使用情况.
- 使用一组复杂的跨度任务来测量工作记忆容量 (WMC).
- 记录了雷文标准渐进矩阵上的表现.
主要成果:
- 有效的策略使用,特别是建设性的匹配,随着年龄的增长显著增加,并行性能改进.
- 战略使用占推理性能与年龄相关的差异的一半以上.
- 年龄较大的参与者表现出优越的策略适应问题难度,在所有年龄段都有一致的好处.
结论:
- 策略的使用是支整个发展过程中的推理表现的关键因素,从童年到成年.
- 与年龄相关的推理改进显著通过增强的策略使用来调解.
- 虽然工作记忆能力随着年龄的增长而提高,但它似乎不是推理策略发展的主要驱动因素.
相关概念视频
Reasoning
79
Reasoning is the action of thinking about something in a logical, sensible way. It is integral to problem-solving, decision-making, and critical thinking. Reasoning can be inductive or deductive. Reasoning involves transforming information into conclusions, which is essential for problem-solving, decision-making, and critical thinking.
Inductive reasoning involves deriving generalizations from specific observations. This type of reasoning helps form beliefs about the world. For example,...
Inductive reasoning involves deriving generalizations from specific observations. This type of reasoning helps form beliefs about the world. For example,...
79
Revisionist Views of Adolescent and Adult Cognition
32
A revisionist approach to Jean Piaget's theory of cognitive development has brought new insights that challenge and reinterpret his established ideas. Piaget proposed that the formal operational stage, emerging in adolescence, represents the culmination of cognitive maturity. During this stage, individuals are said to develop abstract thinking, engage in systematic problem-solving, and show a form of egocentrism, believing others are as preoccupied with their behavior as they are...
32
Information Processing Approach
42
The information-processing theory of cognitive development centers on fundamental mental processes, including attention, memory, and problem-solving skills. Researchers in this field examine how cognitive abilities, such as working memory, evolve and influence children's overall development. Studies indicate that children with stronger working memory tend to excel in reading comprehension, math, and problem-solving compared to peers with less efficient memory skills. Low working memory is...
42
Reason and Intuition
6.5K
The human brain processes information for decision-making using one of two routes: an intuitive system and a rational system (Epstein, 1994; popularized by Kahneman, 2011 as System 1 and System 2, respectively). The intuitive system is quick, impulsive, and operates with minimal effort, relying on emotions or habits to provide cues for what to do next, while the rational system is logical, analytical, deliberate, and methodical. Research in neuropsychology suggests that the...
6.5K
Inductive Reasoning
60.5K
Inductive reasoning is a form of logical thinking that uses related observations to arrive at a general conclusion. It is uncertain and operates in degrees to which the conclusions are credible. As such, inductive arguments can be weak or strong, rather than valid or invalid, and conclusions can be used to formulate testable, falsifiable hypotheses.
Inductive reasoning is common in descriptive science. A life scientist makes observations and records them. This data can be qualitative or...
Inductive reasoning is common in descriptive science. A life scientist makes observations and records them. This data can be qualitative or...
60.5K
Deductive Reasoning
55.3K
Deductive reasoning, or deduction, is the type of logic used in hypothesis-based science. In deductive reasoning, the pattern of thinking moves in the opposite direction as compared to inductive reasoning, which means that it uses a general principle or law to predict specific results. From those general principles, a scientist can deduce and predict the specific results that would be valid as long as the general principles are valid.
For example, a researcher can deduce specific predictions...
For example, a researcher can deduce specific predictions...
55.3K


