美国产科医生需要知道的关于呼吸道结膜病毒的信息
Haben Debessai1, Jefferson M Jones, Dana Meaney-Delman
1CDC Foundation, the National Center on Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, and the National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; and the Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.
Obstetrics and gynecology
|December 7, 2023
概括
现在有新的选择来保护婴儿免受呼吸道同胞病毒 (RSV) 的感染. 孕妇可以接种疫苗,婴儿可以接种单克隆抗体,以预防严重的RSV疾病.
科学领域:
- 儿科 儿科 儿科
- 免疫学 免疫学 免疫学
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
背景情况:
- 呼吸道同胞病毒 (RSV) 是全球婴儿严重下呼吸道感染的主要原因.
- 在美国,有2-3%的六个月以下的婴儿因RSV住院,其中97%的婴儿在两岁时被感染.
- 现在有两种新的预防策略可用于美国的婴儿.
研究的目的:
- 对婴儿RSV相关下呼吸道感染的两种新预防方案的安全性和有效性进行审查.
- 概述当前对母体疫苗接种 (RSVPreF) 和婴儿单克隆抗体 (nirsevimab) 管理的建议.
- 协助医疗保健提供者为孕妇提供建议,说明每种预防方案的优缺点.
主要方法:
- 审查美国食品和药物管理局 (FDA) 的批准和疾病控制和预防中心 (CDC) 的建议.
- 对RSVPreF孕产妇疫苗和nirsevimab单克隆抗体的安全性和有效性数据的分析.
- 对婴儿的两种预防方法的相对好处和缺点的比较.
主要成果:
- 建议在怀孕32周至36周之间的孕妇接种RSVPreF疫苗,以保护婴儿在生命的前六个月.
- 尼尔塞维玛单克隆抗体推给8个月以下的婴儿,进入他们的第一个RSV季节和高风险的婴儿/8-19个月的儿童进入他们的第二个季节.
- 建议对大多数婴儿进行母体疫苗接种或婴儿单克隆抗体注射,但通常不是两者兼而有之.
结论:
- 现在有两种有效的选择,即母体疫苗接种和婴儿单克隆抗体,可用于预防RSV下呼吸道感染.
- 产科医生和产前医生需要全面的信息,以有效地为孕妇提供有关这些新预防措施的建议.
- 医疗保健提供者的知情决策对于婴儿RSV预防战略的最佳实施至关重要.
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