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相关概念视频

Information Processing Approach01:30

Information Processing Approach

41
The information-processing theory of cognitive development centers on fundamental mental processes, including attention, memory, and problem-solving skills. Researchers in this field examine how cognitive abilities, such as working memory, evolve and influence children's overall development. Studies indicate that children with stronger working memory tend to excel in reading comprehension, math, and problem-solving compared to peers with less efficient memory skills. Low working memory is...
41
Piaget's Stage 3 of Cognitive Development01:17

Piaget's Stage 3 of Cognitive Development

554
During Piaget's concrete operational stage, from ages 7 to 11, children exhibit a marked increase in logical thinking skills, specifically in relation to tangible, real-world events. This stage is characterized by the development of several essential cognitive concepts, including conservation, reversibility, and classification, all of which support the child's evolving capacity for structured thought.
Conservation and Constancy of Quantity
A significant cognitive milestone in the...
554
The Nativist Approach01:21

The Nativist Approach

57
The nativist approach to infant cognitive development proposes that infants are born with inherent knowledge structures that allow them to interpret the world almost immediately. This perspective contrasts with earlier developmental theories, such as those proposed by Jean Piaget, which emphasized a more gradual acquisition of cognitive abilities through interaction with the environment. One key concept in this approach is object permanence — the understanding that objects continue to...
57
Cognitive Learning01:21

Cognitive Learning

243
Cognitive learning is based on purposive behavior, incidental learning, and insight learning.
E. C. Tolman's theory of purposive behavior emphasizes that much behavior is goal-directed. He argued that to understand behavior, we must look at the entire sequence of actions leading to a goal. For instance, high school students study hard, not just due to past reinforcement but also to achieve the goal of getting into a good college.
Tolman introduced the idea that behavior is influenced by...
243
Piaget's Theory of Cognitive Development from Childhood into Adulthood01:25

Piaget's Theory of Cognitive Development from Childhood into Adulthood

116
Jean Piaget's theory of cognitive development emphasizes the role of thinking in a child's learning process, suggesting that children are naturally curious about their environment. His approach to development is discontinuous, proposing that cognitive abilities progress through distinct stages, each with unique characteristics. Central to Piaget's theory is schemata—mental structures that allow individuals to understand and interpret the world.
Schemata: Building Blocks of...
116
Problem-Solving01:29

Problem-Solving

165
Effective problem-solving consists of two steps: 1. identifying the problem and 2. selecting the appropriate problem-solving strategy (i.e., a plan of action used to find a solution). Humans use four problem-solving strategies:
165

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相关实验视频

Updated: Jul 9, 2025

Measuring Statistical Learning Across Modalities and Domains in School-Aged Children Via an Online Platform and Neuroimaging Techniques
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儿童科学解决问题的领域特定知识和领域一般能力.

Jonas Schäfer1,2, Timo Reuter1, Julia Karbach2,3

  • 1Institute for Children and Youth Education, University of Kaiserslautern-Landau, Landau, Germany.

The British journal of educational psychology
|December 7, 2023
PubMed
概括

儿童的科学解决问题的技能更多地取决于一般的认知能力,如词汇和推理,而不是特定的科学知识. 这些发现强调了领域一般技能对于早期科学教育的重要性.

关键词:
领域-一般认知认知.领域特定的知识知识.小学教育的初级教育.解决问题的解决方法规则知识知识知识的规则.

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科学领域:

  • 认知发展 认知发展
  • 科学教育科学教育教育.
  • 教育心理学教育心理学

背景情况:

  • 儿童解决问题的能力对于认知发展和教育至关重要.
  • 之前的研究集中在策略上,而不是科学解决问题的潜在认知网络.

研究的目的:

  • 确定科学问题解决是否依赖于领域特定的规则,领域一般的能力,或两者兼而有之.
  • 在幼儿中研究科学解决问题的认知基础.

主要方法:

  • 215名儿童 (6-8岁) 完成了特定领域的规则知识和解决问题的任务.
  • 参与者还进行了词汇和推理评估.
  • 内容一致的任务被用来将规则知识与问题解决联系起来.

主要成果:

  • 特定领域的规则知识对解决问题的表现的影响微乎其微.
  • 在跨领域的解决问题之间发现了强烈的关联.
  • 解决问题的表现与域内一般能力 (词汇和推理) 有很强的相关性.

结论:

  • 小学儿童的科学问题解决主要是由域一般认知能力驱动的.
  • 这些发现对发展的认知理论有影响.
  • 结果为早期科学教育策略提供信息,强调一般认知技能发展.