基于注意力的神经网络用于电子健康记录上的临床预测建模
Egill A Fridgeirsson1, David Sontag2, Peter Rijnbeek3
1Department of Medical Informatics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Doctor Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD, Rotterdam, the Netherlands. e.fridgeirsson@erasmusmc.nl.
BMC medical research methodology
|December 7, 2023
概括
深度学习模型对改善电子健康记录数据的歧视和临床实用性有希望. 然而,传统的方法仍然具有竞争力,这凸显了需要仔细选择模型的需要.
科学领域:
- 机器学习 机器学习
- 人工智能的人工智能
- 医疗信息学 医疗信息学
背景情况:
- 深度学习模型在各个领域都表现出色,但历史上一直在与结构化数据作斗争.
- 在复杂的数据任务中,越来越多地探索了包含注意力机制的监督深度学习模型.
研究的目的:
- 严格比较四种最先进的监督深度学习模型与传统方法 (逻辑回归,XGBoost) 的性能.
- 评估基于对结构化健康数据的歧视,校准和临床实用性的模型.
主要方法:
- 实现循环神经网络,变压器 (有/没有反向蒸) 和图形神经网络模型.
- 性能测量使用接收器操作特征曲线 (AUC) 下面的面积和精度回调曲线 (AUPRC) 下面的面积进行区分.
- 通过决定曲线分析评估使用限制立方线和临床实用性的校准.
主要成果:
- 深度学习模型显示了歧视的改善,AUC增长高达2.5%,AUPRC增长高达7.4%.
- 反向蒸的变压器模型在特定的预测任务中显示出卓越的临床实用性.
- 大多数深度学习模型表现出与基线方法可比的校准,图形神经网络是例外.
结论:
- 深度学习,特别是注意力机制,在分析电子健康记录数据方面具有价值,以改善歧视和临床实用性.
- 虽然深度学习显示出潜力,但物流回归和XGBoost等既有方法仍然具有竞争力.
- 选择深度学习架构和培训策略 (例如,反向蒸) 显著影响性能和临床适用性.
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