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听力和语言发展的异步模糊的连接与儿童的声学缺陷
Susan Nittrouer1, Joanna H Lowenstein1
1Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville.
American journal of audiology
|December 8, 2023
概括
早期的听觉处理缺陷,特别是在光谱处理中,显著影响声学敏感性和语言发展. 虽然听觉功能可能会有所改善,但语言障碍往往会持续存在,这表明距离关系.
科学领域:
- 心理语言学 心理语言学
- 听觉神经科学 听觉神经科学
- 发育儿科 发育儿科
背景情况:
- 长期以来,人们一直假设发育性语言障碍 (DLD) 源于超值的听觉功能障碍,尽管证据仍然不确定.
- 之前的研究主要研究了评估时的时间处理和语言技能之间的近距离关系.
- 本研究探讨了关于光谱处理,声学敏感性和儿童听觉功能的发育轨迹的新假设.
研究的目的:
- 为了确定光谱处理障碍是否比时间处理障碍对语言学习缺陷更为关键.
- 识别声学敏感性作为受听力 (障碍) 功能影响的关键语言技能.
- 探索听觉功能随着年龄的增长而恢复及其对持久语言技能关系的影响.
主要方法:
- 评估了66名年龄在7~10岁的儿童,包括具有典型语言和阅读或言语障碍的儿童.
- 用光谱和时间调制检测任务来测量听力能力.
- 语言技能通过词汇语法和语音评估进行了评估.
主要成果:
- 年龄较小的儿童表现出广泛的听力缺陷,在0.5周期/八度的光谱调制检测中最明显.
- 较大的孩子只有在每八度0.5个周期时才显示出光谱调制检测的缺陷.
- 谱调节检测是声学灵敏度的最强的预测指标,突出了它的关键作用.
结论:
- 早期的光谱处理缺陷会扰乱语言的学习,尤其是语音敏感性.
- 尽管听觉功能可能恢复,但持续的语言障碍表明听觉处理和语言结果之间存在远程关系.
- 这些发现强调了早期听觉评估和干预对语言发展的重要性.
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