快照:针对性的miRNA降解
1Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10538, USA.
Cell
|December 8, 2023
概括
目标导向的miRNA降解 (TDMD) 描述了一些microRNAs (miRNAs) 在与异常目标结合后如何被破坏. 这一过程对于调节病毒和模型生物中的基因表达至关重要.
科学领域:
- 分子生物学
- 遗传学
- 核糖核酸生物学
背景情况:
- 微RNAs (miRNAs) 是小型非编码RNAs,通过引导阿尔戈诺特 (AGO) 蛋白来准信使RNAs (mRNAs) 来调节基因表达.
- 通常,miRNA-AGO复合体会导致转化抑制或mRNA分裂.
- 另一种途径,指向目标的miRNA降解 (TDMD),导致miRNA本身的破坏.
研究的目的:
- 总结目前对目标导向miRNA降解 (TDMD) 背后的分子机制的理解.
- 突出TDMD在不同生物体中的已知生物学作用和功能,包括病毒和模型系统.
主要方法:
- 这项工作是对现有研究的回顾和综合,而不是实验研究.
- 它汇编和分析了关于miRNA生物发生,功能和降解途径的已发表文献数据.
主要成果:
- TDMD是由特定的miRNA-目标相互作用引发的,这些相互作用不同于正规的miRNA结合.
- 该过程涉及特定因素的招募,导致miRNA的降解,通常通过5'到3'外核分解活性.
- 在各种生物体中,TDMD与抗病毒防御和内源基因表达的调节有关.
结论:
- TDMD代表了一个重要的调节机制,扩展了小RNA的已知功能.
- 了解TDMD对于理解基因调节,RNA生物学以及开发新疗法至关重要.
相关概念视频
MicroRNAs
3.0K
MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...
3.0K
mRNA Stability and Gene Expression
5.6K
The structure and stability of mRNA molecules regulates gene expression, as mRNAs are a key step in the pathway from gene to protein. In eukaryotes, the half-life of mRNA varies from a few minutes up to several days. mRNA stability is essential in growth and development. The absence of the proteins regulating its stability, such as tristetraprolin in mice, can cause systemic issues, including bone marrow overgrowth, inflammation, and autoimmunity.
Cis-acting Elements involved in mRNA stability
Cis-acting Elements involved in mRNA stability
5.6K
Nuclear Export of mRNA
7.7K
Before mRNAs are exported to the cytoplasm, it is crucial to check each mRNA for structural and functional integrity. Eukaryotic cells use several different mechanisms, collectively known as mRNA surveillance, to look for irregularities in mRNAs. Irregular or aberrant mRNA are rapidly degraded by various enzymes. If a defective mRNA escapes the surveillance, it would be translated into a protein which would either be non-functional or not function properly. One of the primary irregularities in...
7.7K
Experimental RNAi
6.1K
RNA interference (RNAi) is a cellular mechanism that inhibits gene expression by suppressing its transcription or activating the RNA degradation process. The mechanism was discovered by Andrew Fire and Craig Mello in 1998 in plants. Today, it is observed in almost all eukaryotes, including protozoa, flies, nematodes, insects, parasites, and mammals. This precise cellular mechanism of gene silencing has been developed into a technique that provides an efficient way to identify and determine the...
6.1K
RNA Interference
26.0K
RNA interference (RNAi) is a process in which a small non-coding RNA molecule blocks the post-transcriptional expression of a gene by binding to its messenger RNA (mRNA) and preventing the protein from being translated.
This process occurs naturally in cells, often through the activity of genomically-encoded microRNAs. Researchers can take advantage of this mechanism by introducing synthetic RNAs to deactivate specific genes for research or therapeutic purposes. For example, RNAi could be used...
This process occurs naturally in cells, often through the activity of genomically-encoded microRNAs. Researchers can take advantage of this mechanism by introducing synthetic RNAs to deactivate specific genes for research or therapeutic purposes. For example, RNAi could be used...
26.0K
siRNA - Small Interfering RNAs
16.8K
Small interfering RNAs, or siRNAs, are short regulatory RNA molecules that can silence genes post-transcriptionally, as well as the transcriptional level in some cases. siRNAs are important for protecting cells against viral infections and silencing transposable genetic elements.
In the cytoplasm, siRNA is processed from a double-stranded RNA, which comes from either endogenous DNA transcription or exogenous sources like a virus. This double-stranded RNA is then cleaved by the...
In the cytoplasm, siRNA is processed from a double-stranded RNA, which comes from either endogenous DNA transcription or exogenous sources like a virus. This double-stranded RNA is then cleaved by the...
16.8K


