狗的训练,保持和选择大约1300年,以阿尔伯特·马格努斯和佩特鲁斯·德·克雷斯蒂斯为例
Heike Krause1, Udo Ganslosser2, Nina Marie Hohlfeld3
1Town Archive Gaildorf, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07745 Jena, Germany.
Animals : an open access journal from MDPI
|December 9, 2023
概括
历史上的狗训练方法与现代做法有惊人的相似之处,许多古老的技术仍然在今天使用. 这项研究探讨了几个世纪以来狗的训练和处理的演变.
科学领域:
- * 动物行为与历史
- * 狗类研究 狗类研究
背景情况:
- 阿尔伯特·马格努斯 (Albertus Magnus) 的"动物之神" (De animalibus) 和佩特鲁斯·德·克雷森蒂斯 (Petrus de Crescentiis) 的"农村商品" (Ruralia commodia) "的历史记录提供了对过去狗的管理的见解.
- *古代社会将狗作为物,并将其用于各种工作角色,反映了当代的用途.
研究的目的:
- * 为了比较历史和现代的狗训练方法.
- * 分析人类与狗之间的关系以及狗在历史上扮演的角色的演变.
主要方法:
- *分析历史文本 (*De animalibus*, *Ruralia commodia*) 详细介绍了狗的感知,养和训练.
- * 历史培训技术与当代实践的比较研究.
主要成果:
- *许多历史悠久的狗训练方法仍然存在,而一些不可接受的做法已经消失.
- *古老的狗在守卫,狩猎和牧羊等角色中发挥作用,类似于现代工作狗.
- * 对狗的看法和利用显示出与历史规范的连续性和分歧.
结论:
- *了解历史上的狗训练为当前的做法提供了有价值的背景.
- * 狗的训练和角色的连续性表明人类和狗的纽带有持久的方面.
- * 历史的洞察力可以为未来的狗训练和处理方法的发展提供信息.
相关概念视频
01:28Behaviorism
2.3K
The field of behaviorism was pioneered by figures such as Ivan Pavlov, John B. Watson, and B.F. Skinner fundamentally shifted the focus of psychology to the observable and controllable aspects of human and animal behavior. This shift marked a critical evolution in the discipline, emphasizing scientific rigor and experimental methodology.
The core premise of behaviorism is its focus on observable behavior rather than internal thoughts or feelings. This approach argues that true scientific...
The core premise of behaviorism is its focus on observable behavior rather than internal thoughts or feelings. This approach argues that true scientific...
2.3K
01:23Principles of Classical Conditioning
665
Classical conditioning, as described by Ivan Pavlov, is a foundational concept in associative learning, where a neutral stimulus becomes capable of eliciting a conditioned response through association with an unconditioned stimulus. The process of acquisition, where this learning occurs, and the subsequent phenomena of contiguity, contingency, generalization, discrimination, extinction, and spontaneous recovery are crucial for a comprehensive understanding of classical conditioning.
During the...
During the...
665
01:18Classical Conditioning
537
Associative learning, a core principle in behavioral psychology, involves forming connections between events and facilitating learned responses. This concept is vividly illustrated by classical conditioning, a process extensively studied by the Russian physiologist Ivan Pavlov. Pavlov's pioneering research on dogs' digestive systems led to the discovery that behaviors can be learned through association, laying the groundwork for classical conditioning.
Ivan Pavlov observed that dogs...
Ivan Pavlov observed that dogs...
537
01:24Generalization, Discrimination, and Extinction
570
Generalization, discrimination, and extinction are key concepts in operant conditioning that influence how behaviors are learned and maintained.
Generalization occurs when a behavior reinforced in one context is performed in similar situations. For instance, a student who studies diligently for calculus and receives excellent grades might apply the same study habits to psychology and history, expecting similar results. Generalization shows how learning in one setting can influence behavior in...
Generalization occurs when a behavior reinforced in one context is performed in similar situations. For instance, a student who studies diligently for calculus and receives excellent grades might apply the same study habits to psychology and history, expecting similar results. Generalization shows how learning in one setting can influence behavior in...
570
01:06Law of Effect
1.4K
B.F. Skinner, a prominent figure in behavioral psychology, introduced operant conditioning by emphasizing the role of consequences in shaping behavior. This theory builds upon the law of effect proposed by Edward Thorndike, which posits that behaviors followed by satisfying outcomes are likely to be repeated. In contrast, those followed by unsatisfying outcomes are less likely to recur.
Edward Thorndike's foundational work involved studying learning in animals, particularly using puzzle...
Edward Thorndike's foundational work involved studying learning in animals, particularly using puzzle...
1.4K
01:21Behavior Modification
175
Behavioral approaches have often been criticized for ignoring mental processes and focusing solely on observable behavior. However, these approaches provide an optimistic perspective for individuals seeking to change their behaviors. Rather than concentrating on intrinsic personality traits, behavioral approaches suggest that even longstanding habits can be modified by changing the reward contingencies that maintain them.
A real-world application of operant conditioning principles is applied...
A real-world application of operant conditioning principles is applied...
175