克隆新抗原:免疫疗法反应的新兴"基于机制"的生物标志物
John Nemunaitis1, Laura Stanbery1, David Willoughby2
1Gradalis, Inc., Dallas, TX 75225, USA.
Cancers
|December 9, 2023
概括
克隆突变导致癌症. 高克隆瘤突变负担 (TMB) 预测更好的生存率和对检查点抑制剂的反应,与亚克隆TMB不同. 新型免疫疗法针对这些克隆新抗原.
科学领域:
- 在瘤学瘤学.
- 基因组学就是基因组学.
- 免疫治疗是一种免疫疗法.
背景情况:
- 克隆突变启动癌症的发展.
- 基因组测序有助于识别针对性治疗的生物标志物.
- 来自克隆突变的新抗原对于免疫反应至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 调查克隆与亚克隆新抗原对检查点抑制剂治疗反应的预测价值.
- 探索瘤突变负担 (TMB) 与临床结果之间的关联.
- 审查克隆新抗原向和新型免疫疗法的机制.
主要方法:
- 对案例和里程碑性试验的回顾性分析.
- 来自12项试验的1000多名癌症患者的元分析.
- 对克隆新抗原和自身细胞免疫疗法 (Vigil®) 的临床前和临床数据的审查.
主要成果:
- 高克隆性TMB显著与更好的整体存活率相关 (p = 0.000000029).
- 高亚克隆TMB没有显示检查点抑制剂治疗的临床益处.
- 维吉尔®在一组具有同源重组能力 (HRP) 概况的卵巢癌患者中证明了持久的无复发生存和整体生存.
结论:
- 克隆新抗原是对检查点抑制反应的显著预测因素.
- 向克隆新抗原有望改善癌症治疗结果.
- 像Vigil®这样的自身细胞免疫疗法显示出针对特定癌症患者群体的潜力.
相关概念视频
Tumor Immunotherapy
529
Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
529
T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection
741
T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...
741
Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response
923
Cytotoxic T cells are a vital component of the immune system. They have the remarkable ability to identify and target antigens on infected or abnormal cells. These antigens often originate from intracellular pathogens such as viruses or abnormal proteins cancer cells produce.
Immunological surveillance is the ability of immune cells to monitor and eliminate infected cells with intracellular pathogens, neoplastically transformed cells, and cells with non-self antigens. Cytotoxic T cells and NK...
Immunological surveillance is the ability of immune cells to monitor and eliminate infected cells with intracellular pathogens, neoplastically transformed cells, and cells with non-self antigens. Cytotoxic T cells and NK...
923
Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response
994
The T and B lymphocytes of the adaptive immune system develop from common lymphoid progenitor cells in the bone marrow. These progenitors give rise to precursors that eventually develop into both T and B lymphocytes. As these precursors mature, they gain the ability to detect and respond to foreign antigens in the body, a process known as immunocompetence. Additionally, these precursors acquire self-tolerance, a process that ensures they do not react to self-antigens. This intricate system...
994


