一个不完整的残疾模型:基于绩效和自我报告的功能测量之间的差异
Erica Twardzik1,2, Jennifer A Schrack1,2, Vicki A Freedman3
1Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
概括
对老年人的绩效指标.
科学领域:
- 老年学与公共卫生
- 医疗保健服务研究 医疗服务研究
- 关于残疾人的研究.
背景情况:
- 准确测量残疾对于有效的资源分配和政策制定至关重要.
- 自我报告和基于绩效的措施都用于评估运作,但每个都有局限性.
- 环境背景和自我感知可能会影响自我报告,而绩效指标可能不反映现实世界的运作.
研究的目的:
- 检查老年人自我报告和基于绩效的功能指标之间的协议.
- 为了比较这两种类型的测量方法的诊断特征 (灵敏度,特异性).
- 调查不同社会人口群体之间的协议如何变化.
主要方法:
- 利用了2021年国家健康和衰老趋势研究的横截面数据.
- 通过自我报告和基于绩效的评估评估视觉,听觉,移动性和记忆领域.
- 使用后勤回归来分析跨社会人口统计因素的协议差异.
主要成果:
- 听力和移动性的性能测量显示出高灵敏度,但特异性低至中等.
- 视觉测量显示中度灵敏度和特异性,而记忆测量具有高特异性但低灵敏度.
- 基于绩效的歧视因领域而异,在社会人口统计学群体之间,措施之间的协议不同.
结论:
- 在老年人中,基于绩效和自我报告的功能之间存在显著的分歧.
- 这种不一致凸显了环境干预的潜在领域,以解决现实世界的功能障碍.
- 需要进一步的研究,以了解影响这些观察到的差异的个人和环境因素.
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