天气直接和间接地通过竞争性不对称性影响两个共存哺乳动物的生存概率
Austin Z T Allison1, Courtney J Conway2, Amanda R Goldberg1
1Department of Fish and Wildlife Sciences, Idaho Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho, USA.
Ecology
|December 10, 2023
概括
天气对竞争中的地松鼠物种的生存有不同的影响. 较冷,较潮湿的条件有利于更大的哥伦比亚地松鼠,而不是较小的北爱达荷州地松鼠,影响了它们的共存.
科学领域:
- 生态生态学 生态生态学
- 动物行为 动物行为
- 气候变化生物学 气候变化生物学
背景情况:
- 跨物种竞争是构建生态社区的一个关键因素.
- 天气对竞争对手的影响可以显著影响竞争互动,但这在野生种群中还未得到充分研究.
研究的目的:
- 调查天气和竞争对手密度对两种共存的地松鼠物种生存概率的直接和相互作用影响.
- 确定不同天气影响如何影响不同体型物种之间的竞争动态.
主要方法:
- 利用了9年的数据集,标记了来自两个同源地松鼠物种的标记个体.
- 分析了环境温度和降水对生存率的影响.
- 评估竞争对手密度对生存概率的影响.
主要成果:
- 环境温度和降水直接影响了哥伦比亚地松鼠 (Urocitellus columbianus) 和爱达荷州北部地松鼠 (Urocitellus brunneus) 的生存.
- 较大的哥伦比亚地松鼠对较小的北爱达荷地松鼠的生存产生了负面影响,降水加剧了这种影响.
- 较冷,较潮湿的天气条件有利于较大的物种,以牺牲较小的物种为代价.
结论:
- 气候驱动的环境变化影响着不同体型的生态相似哺乳动物之间的竞争平衡.
- 不同的身体尺寸和相关的热容忍度可能解释了观察到的依赖天气的竞争不对称性.
- 未来气候变化对物种共存的影响可能取决于这些气候介导的竞争机制.
相关概念视频
02:39Predator-Prey Interactions
16.3K
Predators consume prey for energy. Predators that acquire prey and prey that avoid predation both increase their chances of survival and reproduction (i.e., fitness). Routine predator-prey interactions elicit mutual adaptations that improve predator offenses, such as claws, teeth, and speed, as well as prey defenses, including crypsis, aposematism, and mimicry. Thus, predator-prey interactions resemble an evolutionary arms race.
16.3K
02:34Competition
21.7K
When organisms require the same limited resources within an environment, they may have to compete for them. Competition is a net-negative interaction. Even if two competing individuals or populations do not interact directly, the overall fitness of both competitors is lowered as a result of not having full access to the limited resource.
21.7K
01:21Frequency-dependent Selection
22.0K
When the fitness of a trait is influenced by how common it is (i.e., its frequency) relative to different traits within a population, this is referred to as frequency-dependent selection. Frequency-dependent selection may occur between species or within a single species. This type of selection can either be positive—with more common phenotypes having higher fitness—or negative, with rarer phenotypes conferring increased fitness.
22.0K
02:04Conservation of Small Populations
13.1K
Small population sizes put a species at extreme risk of extinction due to a lack of variation, and a consequent decrease in adaptability. This weakens the chances of survival under pressures such as climate change, competition from other species, or new diseases. Large populations are more likely to survive pressures such as these, as such populations are more likely to harbor individuals that have genetic variants that are adaptive under new stresses. Small populations are much less...
13.1K
01:32What is Natural Selection?
115.3K
Natural selection is an evolutionary process in which individuals with survival-promoting traits reproduce at higher rates. These favorable traits become more common within a population or species. Naturally selected traits initially arise via random genetic mutations. In order for selection to occur, there must be variation within a population, the trait controlling the variation must be heritable, and there must be an evolutionary advantage for variation in the trait.
115.3K
01:46Types of Selection
40.5K
Natural selection influences the frequencies of particular alleles and phenotypes within populations in several different ways. Primarily, natural selection can be directional, stabilizing, or disruptive. Directional selection favors one extreme trait and shifts the population towards that phenotype while selecting against individuals displaying alternate traits. Stabilizing selection favors an intermediate trait with a narrow range of variation. Deviation from the optimal phenotype towards an...
40.5K