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相关概念视频

Reason and Intuition01:37

Reason and Intuition

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The human brain processes information for decision-making using one of two routes: an intuitive system and a rational system (Epstein, 1994; popularized by Kahneman, 2011 as System 1 and System 2, respectively). The intuitive system is quick, impulsive, and operates with minimal effort, relying on emotions or habits to provide cues for what to do next, while the rational system is logical, analytical, deliberate, and methodical. Research in neuropsychology suggests that the...
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Decision Making01:20

Decision Making

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Decision-making is a fundamental cognitive process that involves evaluating alternatives and selecting among them. This process can range from simple choices, such as deciding what to wear, to complex decisions, like choosing a major in college or a career path. The complexity of the decision often dictates the approach we use, which can be broadly categorized into two types: automatic and controlled decision-making.
Automatic decision-making is fast, intuitive, and relies on gut feelings...
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Decision Making: P-value Method01:09

Decision Making: P-value Method

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The process of hypothesis testing based on the P-value method includes calculating the P- value using the sample data and interpreting it.
First, a specific claim about the population parameter is proposed. The claim is based on the research question and is stated in a simple form. Further, an opposing statement to the claim  is also stated. These statements can act as null and alternative hypotheses:  a null hypothesis would be a neutral statement while the alternative hypothesis can...
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Decision Making: Traditional Method01:14

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The process of hypothesis testing based on the traditional method includes calculating the critical value, testing the value of the test statistic using the sample data, and interpreting these values.
First, a specific claim about the population parameter is decided based on the research question and is stated in a simple form. Further, an opposing statement to this claim is also stated. These statements can act as null and alternative hypotheses, out of which a null hypothesis would be a...
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The Availability Heuristic01:08

The Availability Heuristic

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A heuristic is a general problem-solving framework (Tversky & Kahneman, 1974). You can think of these as mental shortcuts that are used to solve problems. Different types of heuristics are used in different types of situations, and the impulse to use a heuristic occurs when one of five conditions is met (Pratkanis, 1989):
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Uncertainty: Overview00:59

Uncertainty: Overview

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In analytical chemistry, we often perform repetitive measurements to detect and minimize inaccuracies caused by both determinate and indeterminate errors. Despite the cares we take, the presence of random errors means that repeated measurements almost never have exactly the same magnitude. The collective difference between these measurements - observed values - and the estimated or expected value is called uncertainty. Uncertainty is conventionally written after the estimated or expected value.
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Measuring the Subjective Value of Risky and Ambiguous Options using Experimental Economics and Functional MRI Methods
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Measuring the Subjective Value of Risky and Ambiguous Options using Experimental Economics and Functional MRI Methods

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时间,不确定性和低于最佳的选择.

Alejandro Macías1, Valeria V González2, Armando Machado3

  • 1Department of Education and Psychology, University of Aveiro, Portugal.

Behavioural processes
|December 10, 2023
PubMed
概括
此摘要是机器生成的。

子经常选择信息而不是更高的食物机会. 延迟结果信息减少了这种偏好,这表明立即的明确性推动了他们的次优选择.

关键词:
信息延迟的信息延迟的信息子 子 子不太理想的选择选择.这就是 Δ-Σ 假设.

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科学领域:

  • 行为经济学是一种行为经济学.
  • 动物认知动物的认知能力.
  • 在不确定性下做决定

背景情况:

  • 子表现出对信息线索的偏好,而不是更高的奖励概率.
  • 这种偏好甚至在信息化选项总体成功率较低的情况下也被观察到.

研究的目的:

  • 调查即时结果是否影响子对信息线索的偏好.
  • 探索时机在决策和信息搜索中的作用.

主要方法:

  • 通过使用选择范式与子进行了两项实验.
  • 选择和结果清晰度之间的延迟 (t) 被操纵.
  • 刺激SG (食物) 和SR (没有食物) 呈现了不同的持续时间.

主要成果:

  • 对信息化选项的偏好随着延迟 (t) 的增加而下降.
  • 延迟的效果在延迟"总是食物"刺激 (SG) 时更加明显.
  • 这表明,信息的直接性对于观察到的偏好至关重要.

结论:

  • 这些发现表明,信息的立即可用性,而不仅仅是它的存在,驱动着子对信息线索的偏好.
  • 结果对理解非最佳选择行为和决策模型中的信息搜索有影响.