不平等的野蛮运气有什么不公平的? 一个世代间的拼图
1Centre for the Study of Existential Risk, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
概括
运气平等主义在解决父母不幸带来的不公平时面临困境. 这篇论文探讨了解决这种公平性挑战的替代观点.
科学领域:
- 政治哲学 政治的哲学
- 伦理学 伦理学 伦理学
- 社会正义,社会正义.
背景情况:
- 运气平等主义认为,公平需要减轻来自粗鲁的运气,而不是从选择或遗弃中产生的不利因素.
- 一个关键的问题是,由于父母的运气不好,那些出生在不那么幸运的环境中的人面临的不利情况.
- 标准的幸运平等主义者在解决这些不利因素的公平性时面临困境,特别是当涉及到父母的选择时.
研究的目的:
- 检查运气平等主义中的公平困境,涉及因父母不幸而处于不利地位的个人.
- 探索可以解决已识别的公平问题的替代哲学框架.
- 评价两个建议的替代观点:一个侧重于分布效应,另一个侧重于"野兽运气"本身.
主要方法:
- 运气平等原则的哲学分析.
- 检查父母选择对分配正义的影响.
- 对现有和拟议的解决方案进行批判性评估,以解决幸运平等主义者困境.
主要成果:
- 标准的幸运平等主义方法努力解决父母不幸带来的不利因素的不公平,而不会产生新的公平问题,特别是当父母的选择是一个因素时.
- 提出了两个替代观点:Shlomi Segall的提议,认为不平等的"粗鲁运气"的不公平性取决于它是否增加或减少整体不平等,以及认为"粗鲁运气"本身不公平的观点,不论其分配效应如何.
- 这两种替代观点都为幸运平等主义困境提供了潜在的解决方案.
结论:
- 这一困境凸显了标准的幸运平等主义在解决代际劣势方面面临的重大挑战.
- 替代框架,特别是认为不平等的野蛮运气本身是不公平的观点,为更强大的分配正义理论提供了有希望的途径.
- 需要进一步考虑,以充分发展和捍卫这些替代方法的运气平等主义.
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