食物分布和竞争者密度是否会影响高裂变融合物种中部落内部和部落之间对抗性的行为?
1Evolutionary and Organismal Biology Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR), Bengaluru, India.
Royal Society open science
|December 11, 2023
概括
草原上的雌性亚洲大象经历了社会群体之间的激烈竞争,由丰富的食物补丁驱动. 群体内部的竞争也会发生,受群体规模的影响,挑战了一些生态预测.
科学领域:
- 行为生态学 行为生态学
- 灵长类动物学 灵长类动物学
- 保护生物学 保护生物学
背景情况:
- 雌性社会关系的生态模型 (EMFSR) 假定食物分配会影响与雌性有联系的物种之间的竞争.
- 预测包括越来越多的集团间对断资源的竞争,以及更大的食地点异质性和群体规模的集团内部竞争.
- 亚洲大象表现出一些特征,比如食和裂变融合的社会结构,通常与不太频繁的比赛有关.
研究的目的:
- 测试EMFSR关于食物分配和竞争者密度的预测,以亚洲雌性大象的激动性相互作用.
- 在草原息地内的大象部落中调查推动群体内部和群体间竞争的因素.
主要方法:
- 在印度南部卡比尼草原对亚洲雌性大象部落的观察研究.
- 分析与食品分配和竞争对手密度相关的激动性相互作用.
- 部落内部和部落之间比赛频率的比较.
主要成果:
- 与邻近森林相比,在草原上观察到更强烈的部落间竞争,支持EMFSR对富含食物的斑块的预测.
- 部落之间的斗争比部落内部的斗争更为频繁.
- 部落内部的激进主义随着群体规模的增加而增加,这表明生态约束,但与食物异质性无关,这与EMFSR相矛盾.
结论:
- 草原息地,作为富含食物的斑块,促进了雌性亚洲大象的激烈群体间竞争,与EMFSR保持一致.
- 生态约束,潜在的高人口密度,驱动群体内部竞争,尽管大象的裂变融合社会系统和草食.
- 研究结果强调了息地,社会结构和密度在塑造女性社会动态方面的复杂相互作用.
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