颜色多态的捕食者的伪装效率取决于环境变化和野生雪的存在
Charlotte Perrault1,2, Chiara Morosinotto2,3,4,5, Jon E Brommer1
1Department of Biology University of Turku Turku Finland.
Ecology and evolution
|December 11, 2023
概括
灰色和棕色的棕色猫头显示出不同的伪装效果,这取决于雪地覆盖. 在雪的条件下,灰色形态更好地伪装,在色猫头种群中可能保持色彩多态性.
科学领域:
- 生态生态学 生态生态学
- 动物行为 动物行为
- 进化生物学 进化生物学
背景情况:
- 动物的色彩多态性可以通过环境条件特定的好处来维持.
- 由于气候变化而降低的雪地覆盖可能会影响浅色和深色变形的伪装效率.
- 棕猫头 (Strix aluco) 呈现色彩多态,有棕色和灰色的形态,灰色的形态被假设在雪中具有伪装优势.
研究的目的:
- 为了研究灰色和棕色的棕猫头在不同冬季雪地条件下变化的伪装潜力.
- 为了确定基于雪地覆盖的形态之间是否发生差异性掠食或捕食者检测 (欺凌).
- 评估这些发现对维护棕色猫头的多态色彩的影响.
主要方法:
- 冬季,春季和秋季进行了实地实验,以评估鸟对猫头的暴行行为.
- 在冬季有或没有雪地覆盖的情况下记录了暴徒的可能性.
- 在不同季节和雪地条件下,灰色和棕色变形之间的暴徒率的比较分析.
主要成果:
- 与棕色乌相比,灰色乌在雪的冬季条件下被鸟袭击的概率明显较低.
- 在没有雪的冬季,春季或秋季期间,在变形之间没有观察到暴徒概率的显著差异.
- 这些发现表明,形态特异性伪装的好处取决于雪地覆盖的存在.
结论:
- 在不同的雪地条件下,黑猫的不同伪装效益可以促进颜色多态的维持.
- 持续的气候变暖和冬季降雪覆盖的减少可能会降低灰色变态在北的伪装优势.
- 这项研究强调了动物颜色,环境条件和捕食者与猎物的相互作用在塑造生物多样性的动态相互作用.
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