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相关概念视频

Translation01:31

Translation

14.9K
Translation is the process of synthesizing proteins from the genetic information carried by messenger RNA (mRNA). Following transcription, it constitutes the final step in the expression of genes. This process is carried out by ribosomes, complexes of protein and specialized RNA molecules. Ribosomes, transfer RNA (tRNA), and other proteins produce a chain of amino acids—the polypeptide—as the end product of translation.
Translation Produces the Building Blocks of Life
Proteins are...
14.9K
Improving Translational Accuracy02:07

Improving Translational Accuracy

11.0K
Base complementarity between the three base pairs of mRNA codon and the tRNA anticodon is not a failsafe mechanism. Inaccuracies can range from a single mismatch to no correct base pairing at all. The free energy difference between the correct and nearly correct base pairs can be as small as 3 kcal/ mol. With complementarity being the only proofreading step, the estimated error frequency would be one wrong amino acid in every 100 amino acids incorporated. However, error frequencies observed in...
11.0K
Leaky Scanning02:28

Leaky Scanning

5.1K
During most eukaryotic translation processes, the small 40S ribosome subunit scans an mRNA from its 5' end until it encounters the first start AUG codon. The large 60S ribosomal subunit then joins the smaller one to initiate protein synthesis. The location of the translation initiation is largely determined by the nucleotides near the start codon as there may be multiple translation initiation sites present on the mRNA.  Marilyn Kozak discovered that the sequence RCCAUGG (where R...
5.1K
Initiation of Translation02:33

Initiation of Translation

33.5K
Initiating translation is complex because it involves multiple molecules. Initiator tRNA, ribosomal subunits, and eukaryotic initiation factors (eIFs) are all required to assemble on the initiation codon of mRNA. This process consists of several steps that are mediated by different eIFs.
First, the initiator tRNA must be selected from the pool of elongator tRNAs by eukaryotic initiation factor 2 (eIF2). The initiator tRNA (Met-tRNAi) has conserved sequence elements including modified bases at...
33.5K
Mutations01:35

Mutations

37.9K
Mutations are changes in the sequence of DNA. These changes can occur spontaneously or they can be induced by exposure to environmental factors. Mutations can be characterized in a number of different ways: whether and how they alter the amino acid sequence of the protein, whether they occur over a small or large area of DNA, and whether they occur in somatic cells or germline cells.
Chromosomal Alterations Are Large-Scale Mutations
While point mutations are changes in a single nucleotide in...
37.9K
Termination of Translation01:44

Termination of Translation

5.5K
5.5K

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相关实验视频

Updated: Jul 8, 2025

Analysis of Translation Initiation During Stress Conditions by Polysome Profiling
10:59

Analysis of Translation Initiation During Stress Conditions by Polysome Profiling

Published on: May 19, 2014

18.3K

用于评估代码翻译的突变分析.

Giovani Guizzo1, Jie M Zhang2, Federica Sarro1

  • 1University College London, England, UK.

Empirical software engineering
|December 11, 2023
PubMed
概括
此摘要是机器生成的。

基于突变的翻译分析 (MBTA) 通过将程序突变与它们的翻译版本进行比较来评估代码翻译. 这种方法揭示了传统评估中错过的重大翻译错误,表明当前的翻译人员的可信度很低.

关键词:
代码翻译 代码翻译突变测试是为了测试突变.从源到源的翻译.

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相关实验视频

Last Updated: Jul 8, 2025

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科学领域:

  • 软件工程 软件工程 软件工程
  • 编程语言 翻译 翻译
  • 软件测试 软件测试 软件测试

背景情况:

  • 目前的代码翻译评估方法,如BLEU分数,缺乏语义考虑,而测试执行结果的数据不足.
  • 评估源到源代码翻译的语义正确性仍然是软件工程中的一个重大挑战.

研究的目的:

  • 引入基于突变的代码翻译分析 (MBTA) 和基于突变的翻译分数 (MTS) 进行更强大的代码翻译人员评估.
  • 评估现有代码翻译工具的有效性和可靠性,使用拟议的MBTA框架.

主要方法:

  • 开发了MBTA,应用突变分析来比较程序突变与它们的翻译对应物,而不是原始程序.
  • 引入了MTS,这是一个衡量翻译员可信度的指标,基于被杀死突变者的数量.
  • 在TransCoder和j2py.py上使用612个Java-Python对和75,082个突变体进行了个案研究.

主要成果:

  • MBTA发现,TransCoder和j2py错误地翻译了超过三分之二的突变者 (分别为70.44%和70.64%).
  • 该MTS指标识别了传统评估方法遗漏的翻译错误.
  • 这项研究证明了MBTA在发现微妙翻译错误方面的可行性和有效性.

结论:

  • 现有的源代码翻译器表现出显著的语义不准确性.
  • MBTA提供了一种新且有效的方法来评估代码翻译质量和可靠性.
  • 拟议的MTS指标提供了比语法或基本语义检查更深入的了解翻译人员的表现.