盐限制治疗高血压 - 目前的情况和未来的方向
Philip Nolan1,2, John W McEvoy1,2,3,4
1University Hospital Galway and SAOLTA University Healthcare Group.
Current opinion in cardiology
|December 11, 2023
概括
减少饮食中化摄入量有利于血压和心血管健康. 虽然严格的限制是有争议的,但一般建议适度限制以获得更好的健康结果.
科学领域:
- 心血管健康 心血管健康
- 饮食科学 饮食科学
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
背景情况:
- 过多的化 (食盐) 对血压 (BP) 和心血管疾病 (CVD) 有负面影响.
- 目前的指导方针建议限制摄入量,一些指导方针建议高血压患者每天仅摄入1.5克.
- 人口的平均摄入量约为每天5g,目前正在讨论过于严格的减少的潜在风险.
研究的目的:
- 提供关于饮食中摄入量,其限制以及相关心血管风险的平衡,更新的观点.
- 评估有关不同程度限制的益处和潜在危害的证据.
- 为一般人群和高血压或心血管疾病患者提供有关饮食中摄入量的当前建议.
主要方法:
- 审查最近的科学文献和临床试验,包括盐替代物和中风研究 (SSaSS).
- 对降低对血压,心血管事件和死亡率的影响的数据分析.
- 评估通过饮食达到极低摄入水平的可行性和安全性.
主要成果:
- 在SSaSS试验中,中国成年人使用补充盐替代品显著降低了血压,心血管疾病和死亡率,将摄入量从每天5g降低到每天4g.
- 这项研究支持对高基线摄入量个人限制的好处.
- 关于维持每天摄入量低于1.5克的可行性和潜在危害,仍然存在一些未解决的问题.
结论:
- 饮食中的限制为心血管健康提供了明显的好处,特别是对于摄入量高的人来说.
- 虽然非常严格的限制 (例如,每天<1.5克) 有潜在的益处,但其可行性和安全性需要进一步研究.
- 一般人群的目标摄入量为2-3克/天,高血压或心血管疾病患者的目标摄入量为2克/天似乎是合理的,尽管较低的目标需要继续研究.
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