肥胖但不是健康与大脑年龄相关:运动干预期间大脑衰老的纵向变化
David Wing, Lisa T Eyler, Eric J Lenze1
1Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO.
Medicine and science in sports and exercise
|December 11, 2023
概括
运动改善了老年人的健康状况和身体组成,但并没有显著改变大脑年龄. 身体脂肪和内脏脂肪组织的减少与更健康的大脑衰老有关,这表明体重管理是关键目标.
科学领域:
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 老年学是指老年学的学科.
- 运动生理学 运动生理学
背景情况:
- 老年人的大脑健康受到生活方式因素的影响,包括体力活动,身体组成和睡眠.
- 以前的研究表明,这些因素与认知功能之间存在潜在联系,但对大脑结构的直接影响仍在调查中.
研究的目的:
- 研究结构化运动干预对老年人身体健康,身体组成和大脑结构的影响.
- 为了确定健身,身体组成或睡眠的改善是否与更健康的大脑衰老有关,具体通过大脑预测年龄差 (BrainPAD) 来衡量.
主要方法:
- 一项随机对照试验,涉及485名认知正常的老年人,将运动干预组与非运动对照组进行比较.
- 磁共振成像 (MRI) 用于估计生理大脑年龄 (BrainAge) 和计算大脑预测年龄差异 (BrainPAD).
- 评估了有氧能力,体力活动水平,睡眠模式和身体组成 (包括体脂百分比和内脏脂肪组织).
主要成果:
- 运动干预组在健身和身体组成方面显著改善,包括增加总睡眠时间,但BrainPAD没有显著变化.
- 独立分析显示,BrainPAD变化与身体脂肪百分比 (r = 0.154,P = 0.001) 和内脏脂肪组织 (VAT) (r = 0.141,P = 0.002) 的减少之间存在显著的关联.
- 健身,体力活动或睡眠时间的变化与BrainPAD的变化没有显著相关.
结论:
- 运动干预措施有效地改善了老年人的身体健康和身体组成,但没有直接影响大脑预测年龄差异 (BrainPAD).
- 身体脂肪百分比和内脏脂肪组织的减少是与更健康的大脑衰老相关的关键因素,独立于运动参与.
- 针对体重管理,特别是中心肥胖率的降低,可能是促进老年人群中大脑健康的有希望的策略.
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