两个世纪的生物多样性发现和损失在新加坡
Ryan A Chisholm1, Nadiah P Kristensen1, Frank E Rheindt1
1Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117558, Singapore.
概括
新加坡的森林砍伐导致37%的物种灭绝率,包括尚未发现的物种. 这项研究为东南亚热带生物多样性保护工作提供了关键数据.
科学领域:
- 热带生态学热带生态学
- 生物多样性保护 生物多样性保护
- 保护科学 保护科学
背景情况:
- 热带生物多样性受到森林砍伐的威胁.
- 新加坡拥有广泛的历史生物多样性记录,可以追溯到19世纪.
- 新加坡的历史性森林砍伐已经大大改变了其原始森林覆盖面.
研究的目的:
- 为量化新加坡因森林砍伐而出现的物种灭绝率.
- 根据森林砍伐情景,估计东南亚未来的物种丧失.
- 通过计算"黑暗灭绝" (未被发现的物种) 来完善灭绝率估计.
主要方法:
- 汇编了新加坡10个主要分类群的200多年的生物多样性记录 (>50,000记录;>3,000种).
- 应用了新的统计模型来估计灭绝率,包括"黑暗的灭绝".
- 将新加坡的灭绝率推断为东南亚的业务正常的森林砍伐场景.
主要成果:
- 据估计,新加坡的整体灭绝率为37% (95% CI [31至42%]).
- 根据目前的森林砍伐趋势,到2100年东南亚地区预计的物种丧失率为18% (95% CI [16至22%]).
- 该研究的灭绝估计大约是之前估计的一半,也考虑了"黑暗的灭绝".
结论:
- 森林砍伐对热带生物多样性产生重大影响,观测和预测有大量物种丧失.
- 新的统计方法提供了更准确的灭绝率估计,包括尚未发现的物种.
- 大型哺乳动物,依赖森林的鸟类,兰花和蝶面临着不成比例的高灭绝风险.
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