分析汽车对微型移动用户侧撞车事故的后果
Ana María Pérez-Zuriaga1, Juan Dols2, Martín Nespereira2
1Highway Engineering Research Group (HERG), Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera, s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain.
Journal of safety research
|December 11, 2023
概括
微型交通使用量增加,导致更多的车祸,特别是在十字路口. 模拟显示,自行车在汽车侧撞时比电动滑板车更安全,在40公里/小时以下的速度下受伤风险较低.
科学领域:
- 交通安全 交通安全 交通安全
- 城市流动性 城市流动性
- 生物力学 生物力学
背景情况:
- 微型出行,包括自行车和电动滑板车,在全球范围内激增,改变了城市旅行模式.
- 这一增长与相关交通事故的增加一致,特别是在涉及转向车辆的十字路口.
- 交叉路口对微型移动用户构成更高的风险,因为它们可能会与乘用车产生副作用.
研究的目的:
- 评估乘用车侧撞撞车祸中微型移动用户的受伤风险.
- 在模拟碰撞场景中,比较自行车骑手与电动滑板车骑手的安全结果.
- 确定交叉路口上与微型交通交互的车辆的安全速度限制.
主要方法:
- 模拟了各种乘用车到微型移动车辆侧撞撞车祸场景.
- 使用PC-Crash软件进行详细的碰撞分析.
- 应用了两个关键的伤害标准:头部伤害标准 (HIC15) 和3毫秒的胸部加速值.
主要成果:
- 胸部加速仅在电动滑板车的速度超过50公里/小时时时超过60克的门.
- 头部伤害标准 (HIC15) 在自行车和电动滑板车的50公里/小时时速超过1000.
- 电动滑板车在45公里/小时的速度超过了HIC15 (700) 的安全差距.
结论:
- 骑自行车通常比电动滑板车更安全,在与汽车发生侧撞车撞车时,特别是以超过30公里/小时的速度.
- 为了最大限度地降低微型出行者受伤的风险,车辆在十字路口的限速不应超过40公里/小时.
- 在撞击速度为40公里/小时时,可能需要部署车辆安全功能,如引擎盖或保险安全气囊.
相关概念视频
01:13Impulse
According to Newton’s second law of motion, the rate of change of the momentum of an object is the net external force acting on it. The total change in momentum between two timepoints thus depends on both the external force acting on it and the time over which it acts. Describing this mathematically, the total change of an object’s motion is proportional to the force vector and the time over which it is applied. This product is called impulse.
Additionally, it can be shown that the total...
Additionally, it can be shown that the total...
01:19Types of Collisions - II
When two or more objects collide with each other, they can stick together to form one single composite object (after collision). The total mass of the object after the collision is the sum of the masses of the original objects, and it moves with a velocity dictated by the conservation of momentum. Although the system's total momentum remains constant, the kinetic energy decreases, and thus such a collision is an inelastic collision. Most of the collisions between objects in daily life are...
01:15Elastic Collisions: Case Study
Elastic collision of a system demands conservation of both momentum and kinetic energy. To solve problems involving one-dimensional elastic collisions between two objects, the equations for conservation of momentum and conservation of internal kinetic energy can be used. For the two objects, the sum of momentum before the collision equals the total momentum after the collision. An elastic collision conserves internal kinetic energy, and so the sum of kinetic energies before the collision equals...
01:30Impact
Impact occurs when two bodies collide, leading to the application of impulsive forces between them. Analyzing impact mechanics involves considering two colliding particles moving along a line known as the line of impact, which passes through their centers and is perpendicular to the contact plane.
When particles with different initial velocities collide, they induce deformation by applying equal and opposite impulses. At the point of maximum deformation, the particles move together with...
When particles with different initial velocities collide, they induce deformation by applying equal and opposite impulses. At the point of maximum deformation, the particles move together with...