生物文化多样性和作物改良
1Department of Plant Sciences, Section of Crop and Ecosystem Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616-8780, U.S.A.
Emerging topics in life sciences
|December 12, 2023
概括
生物文化多样性对人类至关重要,面临着资源开发的威胁. 改善作物的策略可以帮助逆转农业生物多样性的下降,并促进可持续的生态系统.
科学领域:
- 生态生态学 生态生态学
- 农业科学 农业科学
- 保护生物学 保护生物学
背景情况:
- 涵盖地球上所有生命的生物文化多样性与人类文化多样性密切相关,并提供重要的生态系统服务.
- 人类对资源的剥削对全球生物多样性构成重大威胁,影响可持续生产力.
- 虽然农业实践对于粮食安全至关重要,但历史上导致农业生物多样性减少.
研究的目的:
- 突出生物文化多样性在支持人类福祉和生态系统服务方面的关键作用.
- 检查作物改进战略对农业生物多样性的双重影响.
- 倡导将生物多样性保护纳入农业发展和政策框架.
主要方法:
- 审查关于生物文化多样性,作物改进和保护的现有文献.
- 对农业生物多样性的历史趋势与作物改进实践相关的分析.
- 审查当前管理生物多样性获取和利益共享的法律和政策框架.
主要成果:
- 通过农业学和遗传学方法的作物改进,历来减少了农业生物多样性.
- 通过促进多样化的品种,未充分利用的作物和利用现代育种工具,有可能扭转这一趋势.
- 现有的法律框架往往限制了对生物多样性的获取,阻碍了创新和公平的利益分享.
结论:
- 生物文化多样性是人类活动威胁的重要资源,需要紧急的保护工作.
- 提高作物的战略方法可以积极地为恢复和增强农业生物多样性做出贡献.
- 有效的全球治理,包括生物多样性和数字序列信息的公平获取和利益分享机制,对于保护和可持续发展至关重要,正如昆明-蒙特利尔全球生物多样性框架所述.
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