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相关概念视频

Multi-species Conserved Sequences02:51

Multi-species Conserved Sequences

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Next-generation sequencing technologies have created large genomic databases of a variety of animals and plants. Ever since the human genome project was completed, scientists studied the genome of primates, mammals, and other phylogenetically distant living beings. Such large-scale  studies have provided new insights into the evolutionary relationship between organisms.
Although the genome of each species varies greatly from each other, a few sequences are highly conserved. Such conserved...
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Position-effect Variegation02:32

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In 1928, a German botanist Emil Heitz observed the moss nuclei with a DNA binding dye. He observed that while some chromatin regions decondense and spread out in the interphase nucleus, others do not. He termed them euchromatin and heterochromatin, respectively. He proposed that the heterochromatin regions reflect a functionally inactive state of the genome. It was later confirmed that heterochromatin is transcriptionally repressed, and euchromatin is transcriptionally active chromatin.
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Synteny and Evolution02:31

Synteny and Evolution

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John H. Renwick first coined the term “synteny” in 1971, which refers to the genes present on the same chromosomes, even if they are not genetically linked. The species with common ancestry tend to show conserved syntenic regions. Therefore, the concept of synteny is nowadays used to describe the evolutionary relationship between species.
Around 80 million years ago, the human and mice lineages diverged from the common ancestor. During the course of evolution, the ancestral...
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Gene Duplication and Divergence02:37

Gene Duplication and Divergence

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The seminal work of Ohno in 1970 popularized the idea of gene duplication and divergence. DNA sequence comparison studies reveal that a large portion of the genes in bacteria, archaebacteria, and eukaryotes was  generated by gene duplication and divergence, indicating its critical role in evolution.
The duplicated copies of the gene are called Paralogs. Paralogs with similar sequences and functions form a gene family. Across several species, a large number of gene families are...
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Inheritance of Chromatin Structures03:17

Inheritance of Chromatin Structures

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Epigenetics is the study of inherited changes in a cell's phenotype without changing the DNA sequences. It provides a form of memory for the differential gene expression pattern to maintain cell lineage, position-effect variegation, dosage compensation, and maintenance of chromatin structures such as telomeres and centromeres. For example, the structure and location of the centromere on chromosomes are epigenetically inherited. Its functionality is not dictated or ensured by the underlying...
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Lampbrush Chromosomes01:51

Lampbrush Chromosomes

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In 1882, Flemming observed lampbrush chromosomes (LBC) in salamander eggs. Later in 1892, Rückert observed LBCs in shark egg cells and coined the term "lampbrush chromosomes" because they looked like brushes used to clean kerosene lamps.
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A Rapid In Vivo Bioassay for Developmentally Active Enhancers
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自从前坎布里亚时代以来,在各种动物中保存的DNA控制着胚胎发育的基因.

Martin C Frith1,2,3, Shengliang Ni2

  • 1Artificial Intelligence Research Center, AIST, Tokyo, Japan.

Molecular biology and evolution
|December 12, 2023
PubMed
概括

研究人员在各种动物群体中发现了保存的调节性DNA序列,揭示了动物发育的古代遗传控制. 这一发现揭示了早期动物进化的深层同质性.

科学领域:

  • 发展生物学 发展生物学
  • 进化遗传学 进化遗传学
  • 进行比较基因组学.

背景情况:

  • 调节性DNA,如增强剂和促进剂,控制基因表达通常不会在与之相近的动物族群中保存.
  • "深层同源性"的概念认为,具有类似复杂表达模式的同源基因组织了动物的发育,但基本的保存调节DNA在很大程度上仍然难以捉摸.
  • 这种保护差距在动物中保存的发育模式的遗传基础上呈现了一个.

研究的目的:

  • 在广泛的双边动物中识别和表征保存的调节性DNA段.
  • 为了调查这种保存元素在更遥远的相关科目中存在的情况,如cnidaria.
  • 了解动物发育中保存的基因调控元素的进化历史和功能意义.

主要方法:

  • 对各种动物类的基因组进行比较基因组学分析,包括双胞胎和类动物.
  • 序列对齐和保存的非编码DNA片段的识别.
  • 生物信息分析以确定这些细分市场中保存的监管动机 (例如,CCAAT盒,E-盒).
  • 保存细分与关键发育基因的关联,包括homeobox基因.

主要成果:

  • 在双边动物中保存的25个调节性DNA段的识别.
  • 发现了7个这些细分也保存在cnidaria (例如,珊瑚,海).
关键词:
这就是Evo-devo的意思.同源性同质性是一致性.转录 转录 是一种转录.

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  • 这些受保护的部分调节了关键的发育基因,包括六个homeobox基因 (Gsx,Hmx,Meis,Msx,Six1/2,Zfhx3/4) 和其他如Nr2f,Ptch,Rfx1/3,Sall,Smad6,Sp5,Tbx2/3.3.
  • 保存的细分包含高度保存的调节动机,被转录因子识别出来.

    • 结论:

    • 动物基因调节DNA控制发育的很大一部分在漫长的进化距离中被保存下来,可以追溯到前坎布里亚时代.
    • 这一发现揭示了一个古老的,保存的基因控制系统,是动物发育和深层同源性的基础.
    • 未来的基因组研究和优化序列比较预计将揭示额外的保留调节元素,进一步阐明早期动物进化.