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成熟状态对男性年轻人跳跃动学的影响
Nakul T A Kumar1, John M Radnor1, Jon L Oliver1,2
1Youth Physical Development Center, Cardiff School of Sport and Health Sciences, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff, United Kingdom.
Journal of strength and conditioning research
|December 12, 2023
概括
与年轻的同行相比,经过峰值高度速度 (PHV) 的男性运动员表现出优越的跳 (DJ) 动力学. 成熟状态显著影响年轻男性运动员的拉伸缩短周期 (SSC) 功能.
科学领域:
- 体育科学 运动科学 运动科学
- 人类运动 人类运动
- 儿科生理学 儿科生理学
背景情况:
- 了解生物成熟对运动表现的影响对于在青少年体育运动中识别人才和设计培训计划至关重要.
- 跌跳 (DJ) 性能,这是爆炸力和反应强度的衡量标准,受各种因素的影响,包括成熟状态.
- 拉伸缩短周期 (SSC) 功能是像DJ这样的爆炸运动的关键组成部分,其发展可能与成熟有关.
研究的目的:
- 为了研究骨成熟状态对运动参数在男性年轻人跳跃期间的影响.
- 分析不同成熟阶段 (早期前PHV,晚期前PHV,大约PHV,后PHV) 如何影响跳跃高度,地面接触时间和反应强度指数.
- 评估到期状态与延伸缩短周期 (SSC) 功能的质量之间的关系.
主要方法:
- 男青少年运动员被分为四个成熟度组,根据他们接近高度峰值速度 (PHV).
- 运动员从30厘米的箱子跳到强力板上进行了标准化的落地跳跃,以测量性能和动力变量.
- 研究对象根据他们的伸缩缩短周期 (SSC) 功能被分类为好,中等或差.
主要成果:
- 后PHV组在下降跳跃期间表现出明显更高的绝对动力变量,而不是较早成熟的组.
- 连续成熟度组之间的动力变量差异一致,效果大小中等至大.
- 伸展缩短周期 (SSC) 功能随着成熟度的提高而得到改善,PHV后运动员的比例更高,显示出良好的SSC功能,而早期的PHV前运动员显示出糟糕的SSC功能.
结论:
- 在PHV后的男性运动员表现出优越的DJ动力学,这可能是由于身体结构和运动控制的成熟变化.
- 延伸缩短周期 (SSC) 功能通常会随着年轻男性的生物成熟而改善.
- 虽然成熟是一个关键因素,但一些成熟的运动员可能仍然表现出不良的SSC功能,这表明发展不仅仅取决于时间或生物年龄.
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