细菌诱导或被动给予的干扰素玛条件肺部早期控制SARS-CoV-2的情况
Kerry L Hilligan1,2, Sivaranjani Namasivayam3, Chad S Clancy4
1Immunobiology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA. khilligan@malaghan.org.nz.
Nature communications
|December 12, 2023
概括
第二种类型的干扰素 (IFNγ) 能防止SARS-CoV-2. 预先存在的IFNγ反应,就像BCG感染的IFNγ反应一样,可以减少病毒载荷并改善结果,这表明COVID-19管理的预防潜力.
科学领域:
- 免疫学 免疫学 免疫学
- 病毒学 病毒学
- 传染性疾病 传染性疾病
背景情况:
- 1型和3型干扰素 (IFN) 对抗病毒免疫非常重要.
- 2型干扰素 (IFNγ) 在控制病毒感染,特别是SARS-CoV-2的作用不太清楚.
- 之前的研究表明,静脉注射的Mycobacterium bovis BCG (bacillus Calmette-Guérin) (iv) 对小鼠的SARS-CoV-2进行保护,与强大的IFNγ相关,但低的1型IFN反应.
研究的目的:
- 调查正在进行的IFNγ反应在减轻SARS-CoV-2疾病中的作用.
- 确定IFNγ介导的抗SARS-CoV-2保护的细胞机制.
- 评估IFNγ作为防治SARS-CoV-2的预防剂的潜力.
主要方法:
- 利用两种小鼠模型研究预先确定的细菌感染 (IVBCG) 对SARS-CoV-2结果的影响.
- 评估了IFNγ及其受体在非血造细胞上对BCG诱导保护的需求.
- 分析了肺上皮细胞中IFN刺激基因的上调和复合IFNγ注射鼻腔的抗病毒作用.
主要成果:
- IFNγ对于降低IVBCG诱导的肺病毒载荷至关重要.
- 保护依赖于非造血细胞的IFNγ受体表达.
- BCG感染诱导肺上皮细胞中抗病毒基因的IFNγ-依赖上调.
- 复合IFNγ的鼻腔内注射显著地保护了对SARS-CoV-2的挑战.
结论:
- 肺部预先建立的IFNγ反应可以提供对SARS-CoV-2感染的保护.
- 在上皮细胞中的IFNγ驱动的抗病毒机制有助于减少病毒载荷.
- 同时或最近诱导IFNγ的感染可能会限制SARS-CoV-2的发病.
- 在COVID-19管理中,IFNγ对预防性应用具有前景.
相关概念视频
Transmission-based Precautions II: Airborne and Protective Environment
Transmission-based precautions are for patients infected or suspected to be infected (or colonized) with organisms posing a significant risk to others. The transmission precautions include airborne and protective environment precautions.
Airborne precautions:
Use airborne precautions when treating patients known or suspected to have diseases that spread through the air—for example, tuberculosis or measles. These organisms are present in smaller droplets expelled by an infected person and...
Airborne precautions:
Use airborne precautions when treating patients known or suspected to have diseases that spread through the air—for example, tuberculosis or measles. These organisms are present in smaller droplets expelled by an infected person and...
Pneumonia II: Pathophysiology
The pathophysiology of pneumonia involves the following steps:
Coronavirus
Coronaviruses, including the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV), are enveloped viruses characterized by their single-stranded, positive-sense RNA genome and helical nucleocapsid structure. The hallmark of these viruses is their club-shaped spike (S) glycoproteins that protrude from the viral envelope, facilitating attachment to host cells. Typically, coronaviruses infect the upper respiratory tract, often causing mild or asymptomatic disease. However, certain strains like...
Respiratory Syncytial Virus Disease
Human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a widespread pathogen that primarily targets infants and young children but also poses a serious health risk to elderly and immunocompromised individuals. Belonging to the Pneumoviridae family, RSV is a negative-sense, single-stranded RNA virus within the Pneumovirus genus. Its global health burden is significant, with millions of cases annually resulting in hospitalizations and mortality, particularly in resource-limited settings. Although most...
Inhibitors of Viral Protein Synthesis
Protein synthesis is indispensable for viral replication, as viruses lack the cellular machinery required for this process and must hijack the host's translational apparatus. In response, host cells deploy a critical innate immune defense involving interferons, specialized cytokines that play a central role in inhibiting viral propagation.Upon viral detection, infected cells release interferons that bind to receptors on adjacent uninfected cells, activating the JAK-STAT signaling pathway and...


