急性辐射诱导哺乳动物卵细胞中的衰老样色素结构
Claudia Baumann1,2, Xiangyu Zhang1,2, Muthugapatti K Kandasamy3
1Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.
Communications biology
|December 12, 2023
概括
细胞衰老和基因毒性压力导致卵细胞染色质展开,增加染色体的不稳定性. 这项研究揭示了老化和受压力卵细胞的关键分子变化,影响DNA修复和细胞通信.
科学领域:
- 生殖生物学 生殖生物学
- 分子生物学分子生物学
- 遗传学 是一个遗传学.
背景情况:
- 细胞衰老过程中中等级色素组织变化的机制在很大程度上是未知的.
- 卵细胞染色质结构对生殖健康至关重要,并且可能容易受到基因毒性压力和衰老的影响.
研究的目的:
- 研究基因毒性压力对卵细胞染色体组织的影响.
- 阐明在卵细胞中细胞衰老过程中染色质变化的基础分子机制.
主要方法:
- 使用转录激活器样效应器 (TALEs) 进行向色素分析.
- 使用RNA测序 (RNA-seq) 来评估基因表达变化.
- 应用超分辨率显微镜,对染色质结构和动态进行详细分析.
主要成果:
- 基因毒性压力 (急性辐射) 增加了不活跃卵细胞的染色中心流动性,并诱导了卫星染色素在活跃卵细胞中展开.
- 被辐射的卵细胞显示了参与氧化应激保护,DNA损伤修复和异色染色体调节的基因的改变表达.
- 衰老的卵细胞显示出高的染色体中心流动性,卫星张张,染色体外DNA,以及染色体动态,细胞通信和蛋白质修饰的失调.
结论:
- 由于基因毒性压力或衰老引起的异性染色质纤维的展开导致卫星膨胀和异常的染色质结构.
- 增强的染色中心移动性和改变的染色质结构有助于衰老卵细胞中的染色体不稳定性.
- 细胞衰老和基因毒性压力对包括染色体动力学在内的关键细胞过程产生调节障碍,需要对卵细胞衰老机制进行进一步的研究.
相关概念视频
02:57Meiosis vs. Mitosis
56.3K
Cell division is necessary for growth and reproduction in organisms. Mitosis aids cell growth and development by dividing somatic cells. In contrast, meiosis causes the division of germ cells and plays an essential role in sexual reproduction. Due to their unique functional requirements, mitosis and meiosis differ from each other in multiple aspects.
Before the start of mitosis and meiosis I, the cell synthesizes DNA, resulting in two homologous copies of each chromosome. DNA synthesis is...
Before the start of mitosis and meiosis I, the cell synthesizes DNA, resulting in two homologous copies of each chromosome. DNA synthesis is...
56.3K
02:07Oogenesis
63.7K
In human women, oogenesis produces one mature egg cell or ovum for every precursor cell that enters meiosis. This process differs in two unique ways from the equivalent procedure of spermatogenesis in males. First, meiotic divisions during oogenesis are asymmetric, meaning that a large oocyte (containing most of the cytoplasm) and minor polar body are produced as a result of meiosis I, and again following meiosis II. Since only oocytes will go on to form embryos if fertilized, this unequal...
63.7K
01:35Mutations
37.9K
Mutations are changes in the sequence of DNA. These changes can occur spontaneously or they can be induced by exposure to environmental factors. Mutations can be characterized in a number of different ways: whether and how they alter the amino acid sequence of the protein, whether they occur over a small or large area of DNA, and whether they occur in somatic cells or germline cells.
Chromosomal Alterations Are Large-Scale Mutations
While point mutations are changes in a single nucleotide in...
Chromosomal Alterations Are Large-Scale Mutations
While point mutations are changes in a single nucleotide in...
37.9K
03:17Inheritance of Chromatin Structures
6.3K
Epigenetics is the study of inherited changes in a cell's phenotype without changing the DNA sequences. It provides a form of memory for the differential gene expression pattern to maintain cell lineage, position-effect variegation, dosage compensation, and maintenance of chromatin structures such as telomeres and centromeres. For example, the structure and location of the centromere on chromosomes are epigenetically inherited. Its functionality is not dictated or ensured by the underlying...
6.3K
01:21Nondisjunction
3.9K
Nondisjunction is the failure of homologous chromosomes or sister chromatids to separate correctly and move to the opposite poles of the cells. This produces daughter cells with abnormal chromosome numbers. Nondisjunction is common during anaphase I or anaphase II of meiosis. Mutations in synaptonemal complex proteins that attach homologous chromosomes increase the chances of nondisjunction in anaphase I of meiosis I. In contrast, mutations in topoisomerases and condensins that hold...
3.9K
02:02Meiosis II
45.7K
Meiosis II entails cell division and segregation of the sister chromatids, resulting in the production of four unique haploid gametes. The steps for meiosis II are similar to mitosis, except that meiosis II occurs in haploid cells, whereas mitosis occurs in diploid cells.
The timing and cell division patterns of meiosis differ between males and females. In male meiosis, the centrosomes are part of the formation of the meiotic spindle. However, in oocytes, including that of humans, Drosophila,...
The timing and cell division patterns of meiosis differ between males and females. In male meiosis, the centrosomes are part of the formation of the meiotic spindle. However, in oocytes, including that of humans, Drosophila,...
45.7K