利用一个坚固的规范:伦理学家如何真正争论道德
1Department of Philosophy, George Washington University, Rome Hall 566, Washington, DC20052, USA.
概括
在没有明确引用道德理论的情况下,道德论证可能是强有力的. 有效的道德推理依赖于特定的规范,而不是广泛的理论框架,以实现实际应用.
科学领域:
- 哲学 哲学 是一个哲学.
- 伦理学 伦理学 伦理学
- 伦理哲学道德哲学
背景情况:
- 日常的伦理讨论很少提及正式的伦理理论.
- 即使是专业的伦理学家也很少在他们的论点中使用全面的伦理理论.
研究的目的:
- 解释道德论证如何能够在没有明确依赖道德理论的情况下取得成功.
- 提出一种基于特定规范的伦理论证的替代模型.
主要方法:
- 在五篇有影响力的伦理学文章中分析论证结构.
- 检查基于规范的论证与道德理由模型之间的关系.
主要成果:
- 强有力的伦理论据往往利用特定的,坚固的规范,而不是一般的伦理理论.
- 提出的基于规范的伦理论证模型与伦理理由的连贯性模型兼容.
结论:
- 伦理论证可以通过专注于特定规范来有效,这些规范比广泛的理论更实用.
- 明确地援引全面的伦理理论往往是不必要的,并可能对实际的伦理话语造成损害.
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