早期的饥荒经历如何影响家庭的能源转型?
Feiran Wang1, Tianyu Wei2, Shulei Cheng3
1Center for China Fiscal Development, Central University of Finance and Economics, Beijing, 102206, China.
Heliyon
|December 13, 2023
概括
早期的饥荒经历,比如中国的大饥荒,在成年期显著影响了家庭的能源转型. 这项研究揭示了对采用清洁能源的长期影响,特别是对于那些在童年和青春期遇到饥荒的人来说.
科学领域:
- 社会经济学 社会经济学
- 环境科学 环境科学
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
背景情况:
- 家庭能源转型对于可持续发展至关重要.
- 早期生活经历对能源选择的影响仍未得到充分研究.
- 中国大饥荒 (1959-1961) 为研究长期发展影响提供了一个独特的背景.
研究的目的:
- 研究经历中国大饥荒在早期生活对成年家庭能源转型的长期影响.
- 探索将早期饥荒暴露与现代能源消耗联系在一起的机制.
- 确定影响这种关系的人口因素.
主要方法:
- 利用了2015年中国一般社会调查的数据.
- 采用差异差异 (DID) 估计分析,将饥荒严重程度的变化视为一个准自然实验.
- 分析了在关键发育阶段暴露于不同强度饥荒的出生队伍.
主要成果:
- 早期的饥荒暴露显著促进了从传统燃料 (柴火,废物) 过渡到更清洁的能源,如液化天然气和电力.
- 对于那些在童年 (4-11岁) 和青春期 (12-17岁) 经历饥饿的人来说,这种影响最为明显.
- 机制包括健康状况恶化促使使用更清洁的能源,并增加因心理创伤而获得信息和情感支持的互联网访问.
结论:
- 早期的饥饿经历对家庭的能源转型途径产生了持久的,重大影响.
- 健康和信息获取调解了饥荒暴露与采用现代能源之间的关系.
- 调查结果为有针对性的能源政策提供了关键的见解,特别是考虑到人口差异 (女性主管,农村,受过教育,低收入家庭).
相关概念视频
01:19Energy Balance
422
The human body gets energy from the three macronutrients: carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. Energy is released when the chemical bonds in the organic compounds present in the food are broken down. The energy content of food is measured in kilocalories (kcal), defined as the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of one kilogram of water by one degree Celsius. This value is determined by measuring the temperature change of the water surrounding a calorimeter after the complete...
422
00:51Energy Budgets
9.2K
Organisms must balance energy intake with the energy required for growth, maintenance and reproduction. These trade-offs result in a variety of survivorship and reproductive strategies, including semelparity and iteroparity. Semelparous species, like annual plants, have only one reproductive episode in their lifetimes and consequently have short lifespans. Iteroparous species, by contrast, have many reproductive events during their lifetimes but have relatively few offspring. These two...
9.2K
01:24Metabolic States of the Body: Fasting and Starvation
1.4K
During the initial hours of fasting, the body uses up its glycogen stores as an energy source. Once these glycogen reserves are depleted, the body begins breaking down stored triglycerides and structural proteins. During this stage, glycerol becomes a key substrate for gluconeogenesis, while free fatty acids undergo beta-oxidation to provide energy for tissues, such as skeletal muscle. In the fasting state, the body spares protein breakdown as much as possible to conserve muscle and structural...
1.4K
00:58Energy
13.5K
The universe is composed of matter in different forms, and all forms of matter contain energy. The different forms of energy on Earth originate from the Sun—the ultimate energy source. For instance, plants capture light energy from the Sun, and through the process of photosynthesis, convert it into chemical energy. This stored energy from plants can be harnessed in many ways. For example, eating plant products as food provides energy for our body to function, and burning wood or...
13.5K
00:37First Law of Thermodynamics
61.5K
The First Law of Thermodynamics states that energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed. This can be demonstrated within a classic food web where light energy from the sun is harnessed as radiant energy by plants, converted into chemical energy, and stored as complex carbohydrates. The vegetation is then consumed by animals and during the digestion process, the sugars release energy as heat. The sugars also produce chemical energy that either gets used up doing work, stored in...
61.5K
02:27Energy Basics
37.9K
Chemical reactions, such as those that occur when you light a match, involve changes in energy as well as matter.
37.9K