使用调查问题来衡量偏好:肯尼亚实验验证的教训
Michal Bauer1, Julie Chytilová2, Edward Miguel3
1CERGE-EI and Institute of Economic Studies, Faculty of Social Sciences, Charles University.
概括
在肯尼亚,经济偏好的定量调查措施在实验上是有效的,与定性自我评估不同. 这一发现对于各种全球环境中的行为经济学研究至关重要.
科学领域:
- 行为经济学是一种行为经济学.
- 实验经济学的实验经济学
- 发展经济学 发展经济学
背景情况:
- 经济偏好,如时间偏好,风险态度和利他主义,是经济行为的基础.
- 短期调查工具越来越多地用于全球测量这些偏好.
- 以前的验证研究集中在大学生和代表性样本上,但在低收入人群中实验验证并不常见.
研究的目的:
- 实验验证肯尼亚内罗毕低收入人群经济偏好的定量和定性调查措施.
- 评估已建立的经济偏好调查工具的跨文化和背景有效性.
- 确定假设的调查任务和自我评估是否准确地预测了这个特定人群中激励实验中的选择.
主要方法:
- 在肯尼亚内罗毕,对低收入人群进行了一项实验验证研究.
- 参与者完成了定量 (假设的实验任务) 和定性 (自我评估) 调查措施.
- 选择与激励实验任务中的实际行为进行了比较,测量了时间偏好,风险态度和利他主义.
主要成果:
- 定量调查测量时间偏好,风险态度和利他主义在激励实验中显著预测了选择.
- 定性,自我评估调查问题与肯尼亚样本中对偏好的实验测量没有相关性.
- 这些发现表明,在这种情况下,定量测量具有广泛的实验有效性,但不适用于定性自我评估.
结论:
- 量化调查工具,即使是假设的,也可以可靠地测量各种低收入环境中的基本经济偏好.
- 在这种人口和环境中,定性自我评估问题不是经济偏好的可靠代理.
- 在没有事先验证的情况下,在新的文化或社会经济背景下使用经济偏好自我评估措施时,建议谨慎使用.
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