在年轻人和老年人中,特定和一般自传记忆检索的神经基质
Aleea L Devitt1, Reece Roberts2, Abby Metson3
1School of Psychology, The University of Waikato, New Zealand.
Neuropsychologia
|December 13, 2023
概括
随着年龄的增长,我们的大脑从回忆特定的记忆转变为更一般的记忆. 与年轻人相比,老年人显示在记忆检索期间默认模式网络活动的调制较少.
科学领域:
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 认知老龄化 认知老龄化
- 记忆研究 记忆研究
背景情况:
- 健康的衰老涉及从特定的情节性自传记忆 (AMs) 转向更一般的,有意义的记忆.
- 年轻的成年人表现出基于AM检索的情节性特异性的默认模式网络 (DMN) 活动的调制.
- 衰老对这种记忆检索神经调节的影响在很大程度上是未知的.
研究的目的:
- 通过不同级别的情节性特异性来调查记忆检索期间全脑网络调制的与年龄相关的变化.
- 在特定的AM,一般的AM和语义记忆任务中比较年轻和老年人之间的神经活动模式.
主要方法:
- 招募年轻和年长的成年参与者.
- 利用神经成像技术在三个记忆检索任务中检查大脑活动:特定的AM,一般的AM和语义记忆.
- 分析了默认模式网络 (DMN) 和其他大脑区域的调制,以应对不断增加的情节性特异性.
主要成果:
- 无论是年轻人还是老年人,都根据情节性特异性调节了DMN区域.
- 年轻的成年人显示DMN活性增加,具有更高的情节特异性,而老年人显示没有调制或活动减少.
- 老年人表现出左极活动增加,用于需要更高情节特异性的任务.
结论:
- 与年龄相关的DMN调节的减少可能会导致老年人从情节性回忆恢复到语义性回忆恢复的转变.
- 这些发现与之前的研究结果一致,该研究表明,老年AM患者的情节丰富性减少,但概念信息增强.
- 衰老中神经调制模式的改变可能是个人记忆中观察到的减少的情节特异性的基础.
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