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相关概念视频

Language and Cognition01:27

Language and Cognition

349
Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.
349
Language Development01:22

Language Development

368
Children master language quickly and with relative ease, supported by both biological predisposition and reinforcement. B. F. Skinner (1957) proposed that language is learned through reinforcement, while Noam Chomsky (1965) argued that language acquisition mechanisms are biologically determined.
The critical period for language acquisition suggests that the ability to acquire language is at its peak early in life. As people age, this proficiency decreases. Language development begins very...
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Higher Mental Functions of the Brain: Language01:10

Higher Mental Functions of the Brain: Language

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Language is a system of communication that allows the expression of thoughts, ideas, and feelings. The brain processes language in both hemispheres.
Language formation and comprehension take place in the dominant hemisphere. The dominant hemisphere is responsible for understanding the meaning of spoken, written, or sign language, as well as the ability to communicate. For most people, the left hemisphere is the dominant one. The right hemisphere, then, gives tone and emotional context to the...
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Fundamental Attribution Error01:14

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According to some social psychologists, people tend to overemphasize internal factors as explanations—or attributions—for the behavior of other people. They tend to assume that the behavior of another person is a trait of that person, and to underestimate the power of the situation on the behavior of others. They tend to fail to recognize when the behavior of another is due to situational variables, and thus to the person’s state. This erroneous assumption is...
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Lateralization01:28

Lateralization

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Brain lateralization refers to the division of mental processes and functions between the two hemispheres of the brain, a phenomenon that optimizes neural efficiency and underpins complex abilities in humans. This specialization allows each hemisphere to perform tasks where it has a comparative advantage, facilitating more refined cognitive capabilities across different domains.
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Hindsight Biases01:12

Hindsight Biases

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Hindsight bias leads you to believe that the event you just experienced was predictable, even though it really wasn’t. In other words, you knew all along that things would turn out the way they did. Can you relate this to the phrase "Hindsight is 20/20" now? 
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相关实验视频

Updated: Jul 8, 2025

Eye Tracking During Visually Situated Language Comprehension: Flexibility and Limitations in Uncovering Visual Context Effects
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在语言理解过程中反对自我中心预测的证据.

Ruth E Corps1,2, Fang Yang2, Martin J Pickering2

  • 1Psychology of Language Department, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.

Royal Society open science
|December 14, 2023
PubMed
概括
此摘要是机器生成的。

这项研究调查了语言处理期间的自我中心预测. 调查结果显示,人们在预测时不依赖自己的性别观点,即使上下文含糊不清.

关键词:
性别认同是性别认同.视角 - - 采取视角.预测 预测 预测 预测视觉世界的范式.

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Using Eye Movements Recorded in the Visual World Paradigm to Explore the Online Processing of Spoken Language
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科学领域:

  • 认知心理学 认知心理学
  • 心理语言学 心理语言学
  • 神经科学是一个神经科学.

背景情况:

  • 以前的研究表明,语言理解可能以自我为中心.
  • 在语言预测中的自我中心性是不太了解的,特别是在模两可的背景下.

研究的目的:

  • 调查理解者在背景不清楚时是否以自我中心的方式预测.
  • 为了确定自我中心偏见是否会在句子处理过程中影响预测.

主要方法:

  • 利用视觉世界的眼睛跟踪范式.
  • 参与者听到带有性别中立代词的句子,看到了物体.
  • 监测眼动以评估基于可信性和性别刻板印象的兼容性对象的固定.

主要成果:

  • 参与者更注重可信的目标,而不是分散注意力的因素.
  • 没有发现自我中心预测的证据;参与者没有偏好地固定性别刻板印象的对象.

结论:

  • 理解者在预测过程中不会默认使用自我中心的视角,即使在模两可的情况下.
  • 在语言处理中的预测似乎是非自我中心的,不管上下文清晰度如何.