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将语言切换置于上下文中:句子上下文和对话对双语切换的影响
Angela de Bruin1, Veniamin Shiron
1Department of Psychology, University of York.
Journal of experimental psychology. Learning, memory, and cognition
|December 14, 2023
概括
语境显著影响双语语言切换. 虽然没有上下文的任务可靠地测量了切换成本,但现实生活中的对话显示了不同的模式,突出了双语研究中需要进行上下文研究的需要.
科学领域:
- 心理语言学 心理语言学
- 认知神经科学 认知神经科学
- 双语研究研究 双语研究
背景情况:
- 双语者经常在日常谈话中切换语言,通常是在句子上下文和对话者之间.
- 之前关于语言切换的研究主要使用了脱离上下文的单词任务,可能不反映自然主义语言使用.
- 了解语言切换的认知机制需要检查语境如何影响生产.
研究的目的:
- 调查语境因素 (句子上下文,对话伙伴) 对双语者的语言切换频率和时间成本的影响.
- 为了比较语言切换行为在任务和没有上下文支持.
- 探索句子可预测性和伴侣的切换行为如何影响个体的语言选择.
主要方法:
- 60名保加利亚-英语双语者在三个条件下参与了图片命名任务:没有上下文,句子上下文和与记录的双语合作伙伴的互动.
- 跨条件测量了语言切换频率和相关的时间成本.
- 分析了句子的可预测性和对话伙伴的切换模式,以了解它们对个人切换行为的影响.
主要成果:
- 语言切换频率较低,切换成本较高,在上下文化任务相比脱离上下文化任务.
- 可预测的句子上下文减少了语言切换的可能性,这表明非目标语言的激活减少了.
- 虽然与合作伙伴的全球切换一致性很低,但观察到的是局部一致性,而切换受到合作伙伴之前的直接发言的影响.
结论:
- 脱离上下文的任务可以测量切换成本,但上下文研究对于全面了解双语语言生产至关重要.
- 语境因素,特别是句子可预测性,在调节双语者语言切换方面发挥着重要作用.
- 双语者表现出对语言切换的个人控制和对对话动态的敏感性,表明与交谈对象的本地对齐.
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