自闭症,多动症和典型发育型人群中风险驾驶行为
Benjamin McManus1, Rajesh Kana2, Inaara Rajpari3
1University of Alabama at Birmingham, Department of Psychology, Campbell Hall 415, 1300 University Blvd., Birmingham, AL 35233, United States; The University of Alabama, Institute for Social Science Research, 306 Paul W. Bryant Dr, Tuscaloosa, AL 35401, United States.
Accident; analysis and prevention
|December 14, 2023
概括
患有注意力缺陷多动症 (ADHD) 的人报告比患有自闭症谱系障碍 (ASD) 或通常发展的司机更有风险的驾驶行为和错误. 在所有群体中,ADHD症状与驾驶困难有关.
科学领域:
- 神经发育障碍 神经发育障碍
- 驾驶安全研究 驾驶安全研究
- 行为心理学 行为心理学
背景情况:
- 自闭症谱系障碍 (ASD) 和注意力缺陷多动性障碍 (ADHD) 经常同时发生,并可能影响驾驶能力.
- 驾驶困难会影响ASD和ADHD患者的独立性和日常参与.
- 有限的研究直接比较了自闭症和多动症人口之间的驾驶安全结果.
研究的目的:
- 为了比较年轻成年人与ASD,ADHD和典型发育 (TD) 的自我报告的驾驶行为.
- 确定三组之间驾驶违规,错误和危险行为的差异.
主要方法:
- 54名参与者 (14个ASD,20个ADHD,20个TD;年龄16-30岁) 接受了ASD和ADHD症状的查.
- 驾驶行为问卷 (DBQ) 评估了自我报告的驾驶违规行为,错误和危险行为.
- 使用ANOVA和线性回归进行了群组比较.
主要成果:
- 与ASD和TD司机相比,患有ADHD的司机报告的整体风险驾驶行为和错误明显高于ASD和TD司机.
- 在ASD和TD司机之间,没有发现有风险的驾驶行为或错误的显著差异.
- 所有参与者的自我报告的ADHD症状与风险驾驶和错误增加相关,无论诊断如何.
结论:
- 驾驶错误和危险行为似乎与多动症症状更强烈相关.
- 研究结果表明,需要针对ADHD患者进行有针对性的干预,考虑到他们报告的驾驶风险较高.
- 未来的研究应该利用客观措施,如驾驶模拟器或道路测试来评估ASD和ADHD人群的驾驶表现.
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