为什么鸟类是聪明的
Onur Güntürkün1, Roland Pusch2, Jonas Rose3
1Biopsychology, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology, Ruhr University Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany; Research Center One Health Ruhr, Research Alliance Ruhr, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany.
Trends in cognitive sciences
|December 14, 2023
概括
鸟类和猿类的复杂认知可能源于共同的神经特征,而不仅仅是大脑大小. 这些特征的融合进化表明,它们是高级认知能力的关键.
科学领域:
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 认知科学 认知科学
- 比较心理学比较心理学
背景情况:
- 传统观点将复杂的认知与大脑大小和同皮层联系在一起.
- 鸟类 (乌,) 和大猿表现出相似的认知能力,尽管大脑大小和结构的巨大差异.
- 鸟类的大脑在1-25g之间,而猿类大脑大约400g.
研究的目的:
- 探索具有截然不同的大脑结构的物种中复杂认知的神经基础.
- 提出关键的神经特征,使先进的认知能力.
- 调查融合进化在认知等价性中的作用.
主要方法:
- 本研究是一篇意见稿,综合了现有研究,并提出了一个理论框架.
- 它分析了鸟类和哺乳动物认知能力的神经解剖学和神经生理学.
- 作者确定了复杂认知的潜在神经相关物.
主要成果:
- 四个关键的神经特征被认为对复杂的认知是必不可少的:众多的关联性状神经元,前额叶皮层 (PFC) 类似的区域,关联区域的密集多巴胺激应内置,以及工作记忆的动态神经生理机制.
- 这些特征可能在具有不同大脑架构的物种中趋同演化.
- 这些特征的存在,而不是绝对的大脑大小或皮质结构,可以解释认知等价性.
结论:
- 复杂的认知不仅仅依赖于大脑或同皮层.
- 特定神经特征的融合进化为鸟类和猿类的相似认知能力提供了潜在的解释.
- 这些已识别的神经机制代表了高级认知的基本,可能"难以取代"的组件.
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