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相关概念视频

Language and Cognition01:27

Language and Cognition

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Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.
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Introduction to Cognitive Psychology01:20

Introduction to Cognitive Psychology

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Cognitive psychology is the field of psychology dedicated to examining how people think. It attempts to explain how and why we think the way we do by studying the interactions among human thinking, emotion, creativity, language, and problem-solving, as well as other cognitive processes. Cognitive psychology studies how information is processed and manipulated in remembering, thinking, and knowing.
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Cognitivism01:17

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Cognitive psychology emerged as a significant field in the mid-20th century. It focused on understanding humans' internal mental processes. This approach emphasizes how people perceive, remember, think, and solve problems—elements critical to human cognition.
Previously dominated by behaviorism, which prioritized observable behaviors and largely ignored mental processes, psychology transformed in the 1950s. Cognitive psychologists argue that understanding how we think and process...
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Piaget's Stage 2 of Cognitive Development01:14

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The preoperational stage, the second of Jean Piaget's four stages of cognitive development, spans approximately ages 2 to 7 and is characterized by the emergence of symbolic thinking. During this stage, children use language, images, and symbols to represent objects and concepts, enabling them to engage in imaginative and pretend play. This symbolic thinking supports children's ability to perform make-believe actions, such as imagining a broom as a horse or their hand as a phone,...
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Cognitive Learning01:21

Cognitive Learning

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Cognitive learning is based on purposive behavior, incidental learning, and insight learning.
E. C. Tolman's theory of purposive behavior emphasizes that much behavior is goal-directed. He argued that to understand behavior, we must look at the entire sequence of actions leading to a goal. For instance, high school students study hard, not just due to past reinforcement but also to achieve the goal of getting into a good college.
Tolman introduced the idea that behavior is influenced by...
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Piaget's Stage 3 of Cognitive Development01:17

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During Piaget's concrete operational stage, from ages 7 to 11, children exhibit a marked increase in logical thinking skills, specifically in relation to tangible, real-world events. This stage is characterized by the development of several essential cognitive concepts, including conservation, reversibility, and classification, all of which support the child's evolving capacity for structured thought.
Conservation and Constancy of Quantity
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为什么鸟类是聪明的

Onur Güntürkün1, Roland Pusch2, Jonas Rose3

  • 1Biopsychology, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology, Ruhr University Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany; Research Center One Health Ruhr, Research Alliance Ruhr, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany.

Trends in cognitive sciences
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PubMed
概括
此摘要是机器生成的。

鸟类和猿类的复杂认知可能源于共同的神经特征,而不仅仅是大脑大小. 这些特征的融合进化表明,它们是高级认知能力的关键.

关键词:
认知 认知 认知演化 演化 演化 演化 演化 演化哺乳动物 哺乳动物神经元数量 神经元数量帕利姆 (Pallium) 是一个神器.前额叶皮层前额叶皮层.

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科学领域:

  • 神经科学是一个神经科学.
  • 认知科学 认知科学
  • 比较心理学比较心理学

背景情况:

  • 传统观点将复杂的认知与大脑大小和同皮层联系在一起.
  • 鸟类 (乌,) 和大猿表现出相似的认知能力,尽管大脑大小和结构的巨大差异.
  • 鸟类的大脑在1-25g之间,而猿类大脑大约400g.

研究的目的:

  • 探索具有截然不同的大脑结构的物种中复杂认知的神经基础.
  • 提出关键的神经特征,使先进的认知能力.
  • 调查融合进化在认知等价性中的作用.

主要方法:

  • 本研究是一篇意见稿,综合了现有研究,并提出了一个理论框架.
  • 它分析了鸟类和哺乳动物认知能力的神经解剖学和神经生理学.
  • 作者确定了复杂认知的潜在神经相关物.

主要成果:

  • 四个关键的神经特征被认为对复杂的认知是必不可少的:众多的关联性状神经元,前额叶皮层 (PFC) 类似的区域,关联区域的密集多巴胺激应内置,以及工作记忆的动态神经生理机制.
  • 这些特征可能在具有不同大脑架构的物种中趋同演化.
  • 这些特征的存在,而不是绝对的大脑大小或皮质结构,可以解释认知等价性.

结论:

  • 复杂的认知不仅仅依赖于大脑或同皮层.
  • 特定神经特征的融合进化为鸟类和猿类的相似认知能力提供了潜在的解释.
  • 这些已识别的神经机制代表了高级认知的基本,可能"难以取代"的组件.