国家枪支法律影响的种族和民族差异:系统审查子组分析
Rosanna Smart1, Dionne Barnes-Proby2, Pierrce Holmes3
1RAND Corporation, 1776 Main Street, PO Box 2138, Santa Monica, CA, 90407-2138, USA. rsmart@rand.org.
Injury epidemiology
|December 15, 2023
概括
州枪支法律几乎没有证据表明种族/种族有差异性影响. 然而,由于基线差异,类似的相对影响可能会导致黑人受害者谋杀率的绝对差异更大.
科学领域:
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 犯罪学 犯罪学
- 卫生政策 卫生政策
背景情况:
- 国家一级的枪支法规影响伤亡率,但其对人口分组的影响尚不清楚.
- 现有的研究缺乏对枪支政策如何对种族和民族群体产生不同影响的全面分析.
研究的目的:
- 系统地审查有关枪支政策对种族和种族差异影响的证据.
- 为了检查对伤害,枪支使用和枪支购买行为的影响,跨种族/民族群体.
主要方法:
- 系统地搜索13个数据库对美国枪支政策影响的英语研究 (1995-2023年).
- 包括使用准实验方法,比较组,时间序列数据和种族/种族分层的研究.
- 通过使用发病率比率 (IRR) 和率差异,对研究和种族/民族群体的政策影响进行比较.
主要成果:
- 在182项符合条件的研究中,只有15项研究提供了种族/种族差异化的政策效应.
- 在种族/种族群体之间发现的相对政策影响显著不同 (IRR分析) 的一致证据很少.
- 对于诸如通用背景调查等政策,类似的相对效应导致黑人与白人受害者相比,黑人谋杀率的绝对差异更大.
结论:
- 目前的文献不足以得出关于枪支政策对特定种族/民族群体的差异性益处或危害的坚定结论.
- 研究重点有限,数据可用性/统计能力方面的挑战阻碍了对此类影响的检测.
- 强调需要进行严格的研究,明确测试政策影响中的种族差异,并提高种族/种族数据质量.
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