在足球训练和比赛中最坏的情况:对比赛位置,拥挤时期和替代品的分析
Lukasz Bortnik1,2, Ofer Nir2, Nichol Forbes3
1University of Central Lancashire.
Research quarterly for exercise and sport
|December 15, 2023
概括
足球训练并不复制在比赛中看到的加速和减速等高峰强度动作. 不开始的人体验较少的比赛强度,扩大了培训-竞争差距,特别是在拥挤的时期.
科学领域:
- 运动科学 运动科学 运动科学
- 运动生理学 运动生理学
- 足球表现分析 足球表现分析
背景情况:
- 在职业足球训练和比赛中了解最坏情况 (WCS) 对于优化球员发展和表现至关重要.
- 之前的研究集中在一般的培训负载上,但缺乏对峰值强度需求及其在培训中复制的详细分析.
研究的目的:
- 在训练和比赛期间调查男性职业足球运动员的平均 (WCS平均) 和峰值 (WCS峰值) 最坏情况.
- 为了比较不同的游戏状态和固定时间 (长,中等,拥挤) 的身体表现指标.
主要方法:
- 31名男职业足球运动员在37场比赛和14次MD-3训练中进行了监测.
- 测量了包括总距离 (TD),高速跑距离 (HSRD),冲刺距离 (SD),加速度/减速 (A+D),加速度 (Acc),减速 (Dec),最大加速度 (Max Acc) 和最大减速 (Max Dec) 在内的关键性能指标.
- 数据是根据比赛状态和固定赛季持续时间 (长:>6天,中度: 5-6天,拥挤: ≤4天) 分析的.
主要成果:
- 在所有球员位置上,在TD,HSRD,SD和Max Dec的比赛和训练之间发现了显著的差异.
- 后卫在Max Acc中表现出差异,而中后卫和中中场在比赛和训练条件之间在Max Dec中表现出差异.
- 游戏状态显著影响了除Max Dec外的所有指标.拥挤的固定时间显示A+D和Dec的差异与长时间相比.
结论:
- 目前的足球训练协议无法充分复制比赛期间观察到的峰值强度需求,特别是高速加速和减速动作.
- 未开始的球员在比赛期间体验到较少的峰值强度暴露,加剧了训练-竞争差异,特别是在拥挤的固定赛程下.
- 这些发现强调了需要进行训练调整,以更好地为竞争性足球的高强度需求做好准备.
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