相关实验视频
Updated: Jul 8, 2025

06:11
A Conflict Model of Reward-seeking Behavior in Male Rats
Published on: February 20, 2019
7.5K
最近的阿片类药物使用阻碍了人类成中强化学习的范围适应
Maëlle C M Gueguen1, Hernán Anlló2, Darla Bonagura1
1Department of Psychiatry, Brain Health Institute and University Behavioral Health Care, Rutgers University-New Brunswick, Piscataway, New Jersey; Intercultural Cognitive Network, Tokyo, Japan.
Biological psychiatry
|December 15, 2023
概括
最近的阿片类药物使用损害了范围适应,这一过程对于基于价值的决策至关重要. 这种神经计算转变可能解释了为什么阿片类药物使用障碍的个体难以摆脱寻找毒品的扎,即使其他奖励也可用.
科学领域:
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 计算精神病学是一种计算精神病学.
- 成研究 研究成研究
背景情况:
- 阿片类药物通过改变基于价值的决策,强大加强寻找毒品的行为.
- 范围适应是一种基于上下文的价值调整的认知过程,对于灵活的决策至关重要.
- 了解最近的阿片类药物暴露如何影响范围适应是解决阿片类药物使用障碍治疗挑战的关键.
研究的目的:
- 研究近期阿片类药物暴露对阿片类药物使用障碍 (OUD) 患者范围适应的影响.
- 探索OUD中受损决策背后的神经计算机制.
- 为了确定是否改变范围的适应有助于难以摆脱药物使用.
主要方法:
- 最近 (<90天) 或持续 (≥90天) 使用阿片类药物的参与者和对照者完成了强化学习任务.
- 计算建模,包括范围模型和绝对模型,评估值编码策略.
- 分析了行为选择,以确定上下文依赖的学习与绝对价值学习.
主要成果:
- 对照组和禁酒组的参与者表现出适应范围的估值.
- 最近使用过阿片类药物的人对绝对值编码有偏见.
- 计算建模显示,近期使用者的很大一部分 (62%) 没有有效地利用范围适应,与对照组和禁酒者不同.
结论:
- 最近暴露于阿片类药物后的适应范围减少可能会损害适当评估非药物奖励的能力.
- 这种神经计算缺陷可能是阿片类药物使用障碍中持续寻找药物行为的基础.
- 调查结果强调了依赖上下文的评估在成和康复中的重要性.
相关概念视频
Drug Abuse and Addiction: Pharmacological Phenomena
486
Drug dependence, abuse, and addiction are complex phenomena that can precipitate various abnormal states. Physical dependence refers to a state of pharmacological adaptation to a drug. This adaptation often results in tolerance—a reduced response to the drug after repeated administrations. When the drug use is abruptly stopped, withdrawal symptoms occur due to the body's need to readjust from the pharmacologically induced imbalance. However, tolerance and withdrawal symptoms do not...
486
Analgesia and Pain Management
628
Pain is critical to various clinical pathologies, provoking an urgent need for effective management. Pain, whether acute or chronic, is a complex neurochemical process. Its alleviation depends on the type, with nonopioid analgesics effective for mild to moderate pain, such as musculoskeletal or inflammatory pain, while neuropathic pain responds best to anticonvulsants, tricyclic antidepressants, or serotonin/norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors. For severe acute or chronic pain, opioids may be...
628
Opioid Receptors: Overview
891
Opioid receptors, including the mu (μ, MOR), delta (δ, DOR), and kappa (κ, KOR) types, belong to the rhodopsin family of G protein-coupled receptors. These receptors are located throughout the central and peripheral nervous systems and in non-neuronal tissues such as macrophages and astrocytes. Opioid receptor ligands can be categorized into agonists or antagonists. Highly selective agonists include [d-Ala2, MePhe4, Gly(ol)5]-enkephalin or DAMGO for MOR, [D-Pen2,...
891
Opioid Analgesics: Synthetic and Semisynthetic Opioids
302
Synthetic and semisynthetic opioids are pivotal in pain management and tackling opioid addiction. Semisynthetic opioids, including morphinans (morphine derivatives), oxycodone, oxymorphone, hydrocodone, and hydromorphone, have improved pharmacokinetic profiles compared to morphine. Additionally, heroin and 6-MAM (6-Monoacetylmorphine) show better CNS penetration than morphine due to heightened lipid solubility. Hydromorphone, a potent opioid, undergoes hepatic metabolism to form the active...
302
Opioid Analgesics: Morphine and Other Natural Cogeners
253
Opioids are a class of drugs that mimic endogenous opioid peptides and act on opioid receptors, and help in pain relief. These compounds are classified as natural, synthetic, or semi-synthetic. Natural opioids, like morphine, codeine, and thebaine, are derived from the opium poppy plant (Papaver somniferum or Papaver album) and are termed opiates. Synthetic opioids are artificial, while semi-synthetic opioids combine natural and synthetic compounds. Morphine, a prototypical opioid, possesses a...
253
Substance Use Disorders Affecting Sleep
169
Substance use disorders involve a pattern of using drugs more extensively than intended and continuing use despite harmful consequences. This includes legal substances like alcohol and nicotine, as well as illegal drugs. These disorders often involve both physical and psychological dependence, reflecting compulsive use of substances that significantly alter thoughts, feelings, and behaviors, contributing to a major public health issue.
Understanding the concepts of physical dependence,...
Understanding the concepts of physical dependence,...
169

