环境异质性改变了个性和生存之间的联系在波动的小哺乳动物种群中
Allison M Brehm1,2, Alessio Mortelliti1,3
1Department of Wildlife, Fisheries, and Conservation Biology, University of Maine, Orono, Maine, USA.
The Journal of animal ecology
|December 16, 2023
概括
动物的个性特征,如大胆和侵略性影响生存,但这种关系因环境因素而异,如避难所的可用性和竞争对手的密度. 这些发现凸显了野生种群中行为生存联系的上下文依赖性.
科学领域:
- 行为生态学 行为生态学
- 动物个性 动物个性
- 生态学和进化生物学.
背景情况:
- 关于危险动物行为 (大胆,侵略) 和生存之间的负面关系的理论预测与野生种群的经验数据不一致.
- 环境因素,特别是避难所的可用性和竞争者密度,被假设在选择中产生异质性,从而改变行为生存关系.
- 了解这些环境突发事件对于将理论预测与动物个性和健康状况的观察模式相协调至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 测试假设,在避难所丰富度和竞争对手密度的时空波动改变性格特征和小哺乳动物的生存之间的关系.
- 量化息地结构和竞争者密度对不同环境条件的个性生存相关性的影响.
- 调查与应对压力和减轻兴奋相关的行为特征是否受到密度依赖的选择.
主要方法:
- 一个大规模的操纵实地实验在美国缅因州进行了五年,涉及四种小型哺乳动物物种.
- 采用了六个森林种群,它们的避难所可用性各不相同,并根据不同的做法进行管理,在小哺乳动物密度上经历了自然波动.
- 量化了个体的个性特征 (侵略性,大胆,应对压力),并根据息地结构和竞争者密度分析了它们对明显月度生存概率的影响.
主要成果:
- 在鹿小鼠和南方红背小鼠中,与风险相关的行为 (侵略,大胆) 积极预测了生存,但大胆只在危险的场合有益.
- 应对压力和减轻兴奋的特征增加了高密度小哺乳动物的生存率,但在低密度下降了,这表明密度取决于选择.
- 在两种较少繁多的物种中,没有发现对生存的显著人格影响,这表明了特定于物种的反应或统计能力的限制.
结论:
- 这项研究部分支持了这样一个假设:避难所和竞争对手密度的环境波动会改变个性与生存关系.
- 与应对压力和缓解兴奋相关的行为特征表现出密度依赖的选择,这需要进一步的研究和融入生态理论.
- 这些发现强调了在预测动物个性在自然种群中的适应性后果时考虑环境背景的重要性.
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