佩尼西米德A和B,两种新型的Diels-older [4 + 2]循环添加,来自Penicillium herquei的雌激素
Mengyi Deng1, Yan Xiao2, Shu Wang2
1School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, Sichuan, PR China; Southwest Jiaotong University, Affiliated Hospital, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu 610000, Sichuan, PR China.
Bioorganic chemistry
|December 16, 2023
概括
从Penicillium herquei中分离出了两种新型的雌激素循环载体和氧化衍生物. 几种化合物,包括类固醇3,通过抑制氧化和促炎细胞因子,表现出显著的抗炎作用.
科学领域:
- 自然产品化学 自然产品化学
- 药用化学 医学化学
- 药理学 药理学是指药理学的学科.
背景情况:
- 雌激素类固醇是一种由雌激素衍生的类固醇.
- 菌,如Penicillium物种,是众所周知的各种生物活性天然产品的来源.
- 类固醇化合物经常表现出显著的生物活性,包括抗炎性质.
研究的目的:
- 从Penicillium herquei中分离和描述新型的雌激素.
- 为了研究单独的爱尔戈类固醇的抗炎潜力.
- 用先进的光谱技术阐明化学结构.
主要方法:
- 使用色谱技术分离化合物.
- 通过高分辨率电子喷射电离质谱法 (HRESIMS),1D和2D核磁共振 (NMR) 谱法阐明结构.
- 计算分析包括13C NMR-DP4+和电子循环二元化 (ECD) 数据.
- 在体外使用脂聚糖 (LPS) 诱导的RAW264.7巨细胞进行了生物分析.
主要成果:
- 确定了两种新型的 [4+2] 迪尔斯-阿尔德循环添加类固醇和三种新的氧化类固醇.
- 化合物1和2是第一个报告的类固醇循环载通道,具有特定的二皮里丁-二部分.
- 欧戈类固醇3,9-11和15抑制了LPS刺激的RAW264.7细胞中的氧化 (NO) 生产.
- 化合物3显示出强大的抑制促炎性细胞因子瘤坏死因子-α (TNF-α) 和介素-6 (IL-6),以及iNOS蛋白表达.
结论:
- 子 (Penicillium herquei) 是结构独特的雌激素的来源.
- 隔离的欧戈类固醇,特别是化合物3,具有显著的抗炎活性.
- 这些发现凸显了欧戈类固醇作为治疗炎症状况的治疗剂的潜力.
相关概念视频
[4+2] Cycloaddition of Conjugated Dienes: Diels–Alder Reaction
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The Diels–Alder reaction is an example of a thermal pericyclic reaction between a conjugated diene and an alkene or alkyne, commonly referred to as a dienophile. The reaction involves a concerted movement of six π electrons, four from the diene and two from the dienophile, forming an unsaturated six-membered ring. As a result, these reactions are classified as [4+2] cycloadditions.
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Diels–Alder reactions between cyclic dienes locked in an s-cis configuration and dienophiles yield bridged bicyclic products.
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The Diels–Alder reaction is one of the robust methods for synthesizing unsaturated six-membered rings. The reaction involves a concerted cyclic movement of six π electrons: four π electrons from the diene and two π electrons from the dienophile.
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Cycloadditions are one of the most valuable and effective synthesis routes to form cyclic compounds. These are concerted pericyclic reactions between two unsaturated compounds resulting in a cyclic product with two new σ bonds formed at the expense of π bonds. The [4 + 2] cycloaddition, known as the Diels–Alder reaction, is the most common. The other example is a [2 + 2] cycloaddition.
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Dieckmann cyclization is an intramolecular Claisen condensation of diesters. The reaction occurs in the presence of a base and generates a cyclic β-ketoester as the final product. Commonly, 1, 6 and 1, 7-diesters are preferred substrates for the reaction since the generated five, and six-membered cyclic β-keto esters are particularly more stable.
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In a Diels–Alder reaction, the diene is usually an electron-rich system and acts as a nucleophile, whereas the dienophile is electron-deficient and functions as an electrophile. Much like the diene, the nature of the dienophile significantly impacts the outcome of the reaction.
Characteristics of Dienophiles
Generally, the best dienophiles are alkenes containing electron-withdrawing substituents such as carbonyl, nitrile, and nitro groups. The feasibility of a Diels–Alder reaction depends...
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Generally, the best dienophiles are alkenes containing electron-withdrawing substituents such as carbonyl, nitrile, and nitro groups. The feasibility of a Diels–Alder reaction depends...
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